Natalie S Schöllner, Adrian Glos, Justin Möckl, Eva-Maria Krowartz, Eva Hoch, Sally Olderbak
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The present analysis measured the impact of age, time period and birth cohort on the prevalence of cannabis consumption in the past 12 months in Germany.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Longitudinal study using data from 10 waves (1995-2021) of the German Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA), a cross-sectional nationally representative household survey of individuals between the ages of 18 and 59 or 64 years.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Germany.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>N<sub>total</sub> = 78 678 German-speaking adults between the ages of 18 and 59 years.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Self-report of cannabis use in the last 12 months as well as alcohol use and smoking conventional tobacco products in the last 30 days.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We employed binary logistic regression using a generalized additive model to examine age, period and cohort effects, as well as covariate effects on past 12-month cannabis use. Over time, both period and cohort had an increasing effect, while an increase in age corresponded to a decrease in prevalence. Specifically, the odds ratio (OR) for cannabis use decreased from 9.44 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 8.17-10.9] at age 18 years to 0.13 (95 CI = 0.10-0.17) at age 59 years. Period effects also showed an increase, with the OR rising from 0.33 (95% CI = 0.26-0.43) in 1995 to 2.96 (95% CI = 2.55-3.43) in 2021, while cohort effects increased from 0.02 (95% CI = 0.001-0.05) for those born in 1936 to 16.69 (95% CI = 13.8-20.8) for those born in 2002. Additionally, persons using cannabis had a higher likelihood of also drinking alcohol and smoking conventional tobacco products in the last 30 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Germany, the odds of being a past-12-month cannabis consumer appears to decline with increasing age, indicating that only a small proportion of consumers engage in cannabis use throughout their whole lives, with a peak prevalence occurring at a younger age.</p>","PeriodicalId":109,"journal":{"name":"Addiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Age-period-cohort analysis of past 12-month cannabis use in Germany (1995-2021).\",\"authors\":\"Natalie S Schöllner, Adrian Glos, Justin Möckl, Eva-Maria Krowartz, Eva Hoch, Sally Olderbak\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/add.70087\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>In 2024, cannabis was partially legalized for recreational purposes in Germany. With a growing prevalence of persons who used cannabis in the past 12 months, and the health risks associated with cannabis use, it is imperative to examine usage behavior patterns in greater detail. The present analysis measured the impact of age, time period and birth cohort on the prevalence of cannabis consumption in the past 12 months in Germany.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Longitudinal study using data from 10 waves (1995-2021) of the German Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA), a cross-sectional nationally representative household survey of individuals between the ages of 18 and 59 or 64 years.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Germany.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>N<sub>total</sub> = 78 678 German-speaking adults between the ages of 18 and 59 years.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Self-report of cannabis use in the last 12 months as well as alcohol use and smoking conventional tobacco products in the last 30 days.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We employed binary logistic regression using a generalized additive model to examine age, period and cohort effects, as well as covariate effects on past 12-month cannabis use. Over time, both period and cohort had an increasing effect, while an increase in age corresponded to a decrease in prevalence. Specifically, the odds ratio (OR) for cannabis use decreased from 9.44 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 8.17-10.9] at age 18 years to 0.13 (95 CI = 0.10-0.17) at age 59 years. Period effects also showed an increase, with the OR rising from 0.33 (95% CI = 0.26-0.43) in 1995 to 2.96 (95% CI = 2.55-3.43) in 2021, while cohort effects increased from 0.02 (95% CI = 0.001-0.05) for those born in 1936 to 16.69 (95% CI = 13.8-20.8) for those born in 2002. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景和目的：2024年，大麻在德国部分合法化，用于娱乐目的。鉴于过去12个月吸食大麻的人越来越多，以及与吸食大麻有关的健康风险，必须更详细地审查吸食行为模式。本分析测量了年龄、时间段和出生队列对德国过去12个月大麻消费流行率的影响。设计：使用德国药物滥用流行病学调查（ESA） 10波（1995-2021）的数据进行纵向研究，这是一项针对18至59岁或64岁之间个体的全国代表性横断面家庭调查。设置:德国。参与者：共78 678名年龄在18岁至59岁之间讲德语的成年人。测量：自我报告过去12个月的大麻使用情况，以及过去30天的酒精使用情况和吸传统烟草制品情况。研究结果：我们采用二元逻辑回归，使用广义加性模型来检查年龄、时期和队列效应，以及过去12个月大麻使用的协变量效应。随着时间的推移，时间段和队列的影响都在增加，而年龄的增加对应于患病率的下降。具体来说，大麻使用的比值比（OR）从18岁时的9.44[95%可信区间(CI) = 8.17-10.9]下降到59岁时的0.13 （95 CI = 0.10-0.17）。时期效应也有所增加，OR从1995年的0.33 （95% CI = 0.26-0.43）上升到2021年的2.96 (95% CI = 2.55-3.43)，而队列效应从1936年出生的0.02 （95% CI = 0.001-0.05）上升到2002年出生的16.69 （95% CI = 13.8-20.8）。此外，使用大麻的人在过去30天内喝酒和吸传统烟草制品的可能性也更高。结论：在德国，成为过去12个月大麻消费者的几率似乎随着年龄的增长而下降，这表明只有一小部分消费者一生都在使用大麻，在年轻时流行率最高。
Age-period-cohort analysis of past 12-month cannabis use in Germany (1995-2021).
Background and aims: In 2024, cannabis was partially legalized for recreational purposes in Germany. With a growing prevalence of persons who used cannabis in the past 12 months, and the health risks associated with cannabis use, it is imperative to examine usage behavior patterns in greater detail. The present analysis measured the impact of age, time period and birth cohort on the prevalence of cannabis consumption in the past 12 months in Germany.
Design: Longitudinal study using data from 10 waves (1995-2021) of the German Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA), a cross-sectional nationally representative household survey of individuals between the ages of 18 and 59 or 64 years.
Setting: Germany.
Participants: Ntotal = 78 678 German-speaking adults between the ages of 18 and 59 years.
Measurements: Self-report of cannabis use in the last 12 months as well as alcohol use and smoking conventional tobacco products in the last 30 days.
Findings: We employed binary logistic regression using a generalized additive model to examine age, period and cohort effects, as well as covariate effects on past 12-month cannabis use. Over time, both period and cohort had an increasing effect, while an increase in age corresponded to a decrease in prevalence. Specifically, the odds ratio (OR) for cannabis use decreased from 9.44 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 8.17-10.9] at age 18 years to 0.13 (95 CI = 0.10-0.17) at age 59 years. Period effects also showed an increase, with the OR rising from 0.33 (95% CI = 0.26-0.43) in 1995 to 2.96 (95% CI = 2.55-3.43) in 2021, while cohort effects increased from 0.02 (95% CI = 0.001-0.05) for those born in 1936 to 16.69 (95% CI = 13.8-20.8) for those born in 2002. Additionally, persons using cannabis had a higher likelihood of also drinking alcohol and smoking conventional tobacco products in the last 30 days.
Conclusions: In Germany, the odds of being a past-12-month cannabis consumer appears to decline with increasing age, indicating that only a small proportion of consumers engage in cannabis use throughout their whole lives, with a peak prevalence occurring at a younger age.
期刊介绍：
Addiction publishes peer-reviewed research reports on pharmacological and behavioural addictions, bringing together research conducted within many different disciplines.
Its goal is to serve international and interdisciplinary scientific and clinical communication, to strengthen links between science and policy, and to stimulate and enhance the quality of debate. We seek submissions that are not only technically competent but are also original and contain information or ideas of fresh interest to our international readership. We seek to serve low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries as well as more economically developed countries.
Addiction’s scope spans human experimental, epidemiological, social science, historical, clinical and policy research relating to addiction, primarily but not exclusively in the areas of psychoactive substance use and/or gambling. In addition to original research, the journal features editorials, commentaries, reviews, letters, and book reviews.
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