The Sacred Waters and Fish: Traditional Practices and Fish Conservation in Indonesian Communities

This paper explores the intersection of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and fish conservation within the context of sacred waters in Indonesian communities. Sacred waters, revered for their spiritual significance, play a crucial role in conserving native fish species by serving as de facto protected areas. The traditional practices and taboos associated with these waters safeguard them from overfishing, pollution and habitat destruction, thus preserving biodiversity. The study highlights the importance of integrating TEK with modern conservation efforts to sustainably manage aquatic ecosystems while honouring cultural heritage. Integrating sacred waters into Indonesia's Essential Ecosystem Area (EEA) framework could offer a formal mechanism for recognizing their ecological and cultural value while maintaining local stewardship. Furthermore, mapping and documenting sacred waters alongside formal protected areas would be a valuable step towards building an inclusive, culturally grounded and ecologically resilient freshwater conservation network in Indonesia. The findings underscore the interconnectedness of spiritual beliefs and environmental stewardship in Indonesian culture, offering insights into how cultural practices contribute to the conservation of native fish species and their habitats.