Role of vitamin D and omega 3 fatty acids in improving HDL biogenesis among multiple sclerosis patients via orchestrating CHROME/APOA1-AS/ABCA1/APOA1 milieu

Clinical approaches that could correct the disturbed lipid profile may improve neurological disturbances in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. The study aimed to characterize the performance of vitamin D (Vit.D) and omega 3 fatty acid (ω3) in adjusting the lipid profile of MS patients via modulating CHROME/APOA1-AS/ABCA1/APOA1 along with sphingosine kinase (SPHK)-1/2, and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (S1PR)-1/5. 72 MS patients were recruited for this study; 25 received Vit.D, 21 received ω3, and 26 didn’t receive any supplementation. Blood samples were collected and then plasma were separated for further biochemical and molecular investigations. Both vit.D or ω3 improved the lipid profile in the studied groups as well as elevated the expression of the lncRNA CHROME, the concentrations of ABCA1 and ApoA1 along with lowering APOA1-AS relative to MS patients without supplementation. Vit.D supplementation group revealed higher levels of SPHK1 and lower levels of SPHK2, whereas ω3 supplementation reduced both S1PR1 and S1PR5 relative to the MS control group. This study demonstrated the beneficial role of Vit.D and ω3 supplementation in adjusting the lipid profile of MS patients via modulating ABCA1 and ApoA1 and their upstream regulators CHROME and APOA1-AS. The administration of Vit.D upregulated SPHK1 and downregulated SPHK2 gene expression. On the other hand, ω3 supplements downregulated S1PR1 and S1PR5 gene expression in MS patients.