When DNA Writing is Free: Open Tools and Strategies to Accelerate the Bioeconomy.

DNA synthesis and assembly techniques have enabled the creation of validated and standardized DNA parts, used for producing proteins, enzymes, and small molecules. However, most DNA parts are governed by material transfer agreements, which restrict sharing and reuse for commercial purposes even in the absence of patents, bottlenecking innovation. DNA synthesis, crucial for producing new parts, also remains expensive and therefore inaccessible to most researchers. With the breakneck pace of digital innovations for designing and learning from biology, a new and more open approach to the physical building and testing of biology is needed. We propose the establishment of an Open Bio Research Alliance, to create and distribute open collections of DNA and other biological parts, combined with regulated and affordable DNA synthesis services. Focusing on Canada's bioeconomy, establishing domestic DNA synthesis infrastructure would not only secure global competitiveness in engineering biology, but also safeguard biosecurity and national sovereignty over critical resources. By harnessing and supporting existing lab automation resources, the Alliance will also help scale the building and testing of engineered biological systems. Leveraging these tools and strategies, Canada is well-positioned to lead the world in open and innovative biotechnology, paving the way for a thriving bioeconomy.