Exploring Post-Retrieval Strategies to Reduce Drug Craving in Methamphetamine Use Disorders

Post-retrieval interventions based on memory reconsolidation have shown promise in reducing addiction-related memories. However, research on methamphetamine (MA) use, particularly in humans, remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a post-retrieval intervention paradigm in managing methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) with 46 individuals from a compulsory drug rehabilitation centre. A single-blind design was employed, with participants randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) retrieval–no intervention, (2) retrieval–extinction and (3) retrieval–cognitive task. The study involved baseline testing, followed by memory retrieval using MA cues, and one of the three interventions during the memory reconsolidation window. The interventions were as follows: (1) no further intervention after retrieval, (2) extinction training and (3) playing Tetris after memory reactivation. Relapse was assessed through physiological and psychological indicators, with a focus on both spontaneous and cue-induced relapse of MUD memory. The results showed that both retrieval–extinction and retrieval–cognitive task showed benefits in reducing cravings and preventing relapse in MUD compared to retrieval alone. Physiological and psychological indicators of MA memory relapse showed weak correlation and differed across several dimensions. These findings suggest new strategies for MUD intervention and provide valuable insights for clinical treatment. Limitations of the study are also discussed.