夜间食用开心果会改变成人糖尿病前期患者粪便微生物群多样性和分类群丰度，与12周内接受1-2次碳水化合物交换（15-30克）的教育相比：一项随机交叉试验的二次分析

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107481

Terrence M Riley , Justin Wright , Regina Lamendella , Jordan E Bisanz , Jeremy Chen See , Khushi Kanani , Penny M Kris-Etherton , Kristina S Petersen

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引用次数: 0

摘要

先前的研究表明，摄入开心果会影响肠道微生物群的组成；然而，在血糖受损人群中，开心果相关肠道微生物调节的研究有限。目的：研究夜间摄入开心果12周对糖尿病前期成人（空腹血糖≥100 mg/dL和≤125 mg/dL）粪便微生物群的影响。方法对单盲、2期随机交叉试验资料进行二次分析。研究人员为参与者提供57克/天的干烤无盐开心果作为夜间零食，或教育他们摄入1-2种碳水化合物(CHO；15-30克)作为夜间零食（一般护理）12周。在每个疾病开始和结束时收集粪便样本，并进行16S核糖体核糖核酸基因测序分析。采用线性混合模型（lmm）、Bray-Curtis方差和加权Unifrac差异指数方差的置换分析对其分类多样性进行了检验。分类丰度的条件检验采用LMMs进行Benjamini-Hochberg多重检验校正。结果分析样本包括51名完成试验的参与者（66名随机分配），其中37%为女性，49±10岁，31.5±4 kg/m2, FPG 102±10 mg/dL)。β-多样性分析显示开心果与常规护理条件后处理的群落差异（P = 0.001）。与通常的护理条件相比，夜间食用开心果改变了几个微生物类群。结论在糖尿病前期的成年人中，与富含cho的零食相比，夜间摄入57 g/d开心果会改变粪便微生物群落的多样性和组成，为食用开心果对粪便微生物的影响提供证据。本研究在clinicaltrials.gov注册为NCT04056208。

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Nighttime Pistachio Consumption Alters Stool Microbiota Diversity and Taxa Abundance Compared with Education to Consume 1–2 Carbohydrate Exchanges (15–30 grams) over 12 Weeks in Adults with Prediabetes: A Secondary Analysis from a Randomized Crossover Trial

Background

Prior research has demonstrated that pistachio intake influences gut microbiota composition; however, there has been limited investigation of pistachio-related gut microbial modulation in populations with impaired glycemia.

Objectives

The aim was to examine the effect of nighttime pistachio intake for 12 wk on the stool microbiota of adults with prediabetes [fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥100 mg/dL and ≤125 mg/dL].

Methods

A secondary analysis of data from a single-blind, 2-period, randomized crossover trial was conducted. Participants were provided with 57 g/d of dry roasted unsalted pistachios to consume as a nighttime snack or provided education to consume 1–2 carbohydrate (CHO; 15–30 g) exchanges (usual care) as a nighttime snack for 12 wk. Stool samples were collected at the beginning and the end of each condition and analyzed with 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing. Taxonomic diversity was tested with linear mixed models (LMMs) and permutational analysis of variance of Bray–Curtis and weighted Unifrac dissimilarity indices. Taxonomic abundance by condition was tested using LMMs with Benjamini–Hochberg multiple testing correction.

Results

The analytical sample included 51 participants (37% female, 49 ± 10 y, 31.5 ± 4 kg/m², FPG 102 ± 10 mg/dL) who completed the trial (of 66 randomly assigned). β-diversity analysis showed community dissimilarity between the pistachio and usual care conditions postcondition (P = 0.001). Compared with the usual care condition, nighttime pistachio consumption modified several microbial taxa.

Conclusions

In adults with prediabetes, intake of 57 g/d of pistachios as a nighttime snack altered stool microbial community diversity and composition compared with a CHO-rich snack, providing evidence of stool microbial effects with pistachio consumption.