Mass spectrometry imaging techniques for characterization of novel battery materials

The advancement of novel batteries is crucial for achieving net-zero emissions. However, challenges remain in optimizing materials and understanding degradation mechanisms. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) offers a powerful solution with its versatility, high sensitivity, label-free, and ability to avoid complex sample pretreatment. This review summarizes recent applications of MSI techniques—secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI-MSI), desorption electrospray ionization (DESI-MSI), and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)—in studying lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, solid-state batteries, and solar cells. These methods enable detailed characterization of electrodes, electrolytes, and interface reactions, facilitating material optimization, interface design, and analysis of aging/failure mechanisms. By providing spatially resolved chemical data, MSI supports the development of safer, more efficient batteries while enabling environmental monitoring and tracing of battery-derived materials. This technology thus underpins sustainable battery innovation, driving the green transition of energy systems.