Boron-doped SiOC anode material with an yolk shell multistage structure for lithium-ion batteries

In this work, a boron-doped yolk-shell structured B-YS@C was constructed on the surface of SiOC anodes with yolk-shell structures via a combination of redox processes, freeze-drying, and heteroatom infiltration. Multilevel pore formation was achieved by controlling experimental conditions. The structure and morphology of the materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results demonstrate that boron was successfully doped into the material structure, and the yolk-shell structure exhibits good integrity and multilevel pore characteristics. Electrochemical tests show that the boron-doped yolk-shell multilevel structured anode composite delivers excellent specific capacity (473 mAh g⁻¹), rate performance, and cycling stability (retaining 99.9 % average coulombic efficiency after 300 cycles) at a current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹. Compared with YS@C, the B-YS@C electrode maintains a specific capacity of 473 mAh g⁻¹ and 99.9 % average coulombic efficiency with almost no capacity decay after 300 cycles at 0.5 A g⁻¹, demonstrating ultra-strong cycling stability. These results highlight its broad application prospects.