Biomimetic Bacterial Framework-Driven Point-of-Care Platform Enables Broad-Spectrum Bacterial Sensing via PAMPs-Triggered Competitive Recognition

Rapid and on-site bacterial detection is essential for early intervention in public health and industrial production. Herein, inspired by the bacterial cell structure, a biomimetic bacterial framework (BBF) is developed and describes its potential for point-of-care (POC) and broad-spectrum bacterial detection. The BBF not only simulates the synergistic catalytic signal amplification ability of the bacterial ectoenzymes and endoenzymes but also the biomimetic polysaccharide shells of n-dodecyl β-D-maltoside, which resemble bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) can be rapidly recognized by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Subsequently, a PAMPs-triggered bionic competitive recognition strategy of “detecting bacteria by biomimetic bacteria” is proposed. Briefly, magnetic beads-modified PRRs-associated proteins offer the possibility of simultaneous recognition of bacteria and BBF. Captured bacteria prevent the BBF competition for binding, allowing visualization of catalytic signal changes. Furthermore, the POC platform integrated with a 3D-printed portable device and smartphone with Tailor-made applet APP, provides rapid, sensitive detection of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (10² and 10³ CFU mL⁻¹) in less than 40 min, with validated accuracy in body fluid and food samples. In summary, the proposed BBF-driven POC platform shows great potential and broad applicability for bacterial infection and contamination applications.