Cost-effectiveness of mepolizumab vs anti-interleukin-5/5r biologic therapies for the treatment of adults with severe asthma with an eosinophilic phenotype: a Chilean healthcare system perspective.

Aim: Asthma is a heterogeneous respiratory condition often classified into distinct phenotypes. Severe asthma, characterized by uncontrolled symptoms despite optimal treatment, imposes a significant burden on healthcare systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of mepolizumab compared with other interleukin (IL)-5 pathway inhibitors, benralizumab and reslizumab, in treating severe asthma with an eosinophilic phenotype in Chile.

Materials and methods: A Markov cohort model was developed to compare mepolizumab (100 mg subcutaneously every four weeks) with benralizumab (30 mg subcutaneously every four weeks for the first three doses, every eight weeks subsequently) and reslizumab (3 mg/kg intravenously every four weeks), both as add-on therapies to standard care. Data from the Mepolizumab as Adjunctive Therapy in Patients with Severe Asthma (MENSA) clinical trial and a network meta-analysis were used. Utility values were extracted using the EuroQoL 5-Dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Probabilistic and one-way sensitivity analyses assessed model robustness.

Results: Mepolizumab demonstrated dominance with probability over 95% when compared with benralizumab and reslizumab. Cost savings ranged from 37,000 United States dollars (USD) to 104,000 USD, with an increase of 0.52 to 0.55 quality-adjusted life years. Mepolizumab was also associated with a lower incidence of exacerbations and asthma-related deaths. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of the model outcomes across key parameters.

Limitations: Limitations of the economic model are related to the lack of direct comparisons between mepolizumab and other biologics. Additionally, the absence of data on continuation criteria required estimating relative risks for the overall population.

Conclusions: Mepolizumab offers greater efficacy and cost savings compared to benralizumab and reslizumab for eosinophilic asthma, providing essential insights for improving asthma management and informing healthcare policies in Chile.