Applications and Challenges of Auditory Brain-Computer Interfaces in Objective Auditory Assessments for Pediatric Cochlear Implants

Cochlear implants (CI) are the premier intervention for individuals with severe to profound hearing impairment. Worldwide, an estimated 600,000 individuals have enhanced their hearing through cochlear implantation, with nearly half being children. The evaluations after implantation are crucial for appropriate clinical interventions and care. Current clinical practice lacks methods to assess the recovery of advanced auditory functions in cochlear-implanted children. Yet, recent advancements in electroencephalographic (EEG) techniques show promise in accurately evaluating auditory rehabilitation in this demographic. This review elucidates the evolution of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology for auditory assessment, focusing primarily on its application in pediatric cochlear implant recipients. Emphasis is placed on promising clinical biomarkers for auditory rehabilitation and the neural adaptability accompanying cortical adjustments after implantation. Additionally, we discuss emerging challenges and prospects in applying BCI technology to these children.