2007-2010年美国成年人的超加工食品消费和农场进入农场前的温室气体排放

IF 3.2 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Current Developments in Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107460

Rhea Jayaswal , Sarah M Frank , Euridice Martinez Steele , Donald Rose , Lindsey Smith Taillie

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引用次数: 0

摘要

食物系统的变化可能对人类和地球健康产生影响，最近的一个变化是超加工食品（upf）消费的增加。虽然UPF摄入量与人类健康之间的相关性已经在美国进行了评估，但对于UPF摄入量与农场前温室气体排放（GHGEs）之间的关系知之甚少，而温室气体排放占整个食品生命周期中温室气体排放的大部分。目的：我们采用一项具有全国代表性的调查来评估美国成年人UPF消费与农场前温室气体排放之间的关系。方法数据来源于2007-2010年全国健康与营养检查调查。使用2-d饮食回忆的平均值，根据UPF的克数比例将参与者分成五分之一。利用食品召回对环境的影响数据库进行营养和膳食研究，以估算耕作前食品的温室气体排放（以千克二氧化碳当量[kg CO2-eq]为单位）。采用多元线性回归模型检验UPF消费五分位数与养殖前GHGE之间的关系。根据社会人口特征、总热量摄入、红肉和加工肉的摄入量，逐步调整模型。结果在未经调整的分析中，从UPF中消耗更大比例的克数与更高的农场前GHGE相关。然而，当分析对总能量进行调整时，我们看到了相反的趋势，即从UPF中消耗更高比例的克数与更低的农场前排放相关：UPF消耗最高五分位数的排放量为4.47(95%置信区间[95% CI]: 4.27, 4.67) kg CO2-eq，而最高五分位数的排放量为4.85 (95% CI: 4.64, 5.05) kg CO2-eq （p趋势= 0.003）。尽管我们发现饲粮中来自UPF的克数比例较高，其养殖前温室气体排放量较低，但我们的分析显示，当不考虑总能量摄入量时，趋势相反，这表明在分析UPF摄入量与温室气体排放量的关系时需要谨慎。

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Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Pre-Farmgate Greenhouse Gas Emissions Among United States Adults from 2007–2010

Background

Changes to the food system can have consequences for human and planetary health, and one recent change is increased consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs). Although correlations between UPF intake and human health have been evaluated in the United States, little is known about the association of UPF intake with pre-farmgate greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs), which account for the majority of GHGE across the food life cycle.

Objectives

We used a nationally representative survey to evaluate the association between UPF consumption and pre-farmgate GHGE among United States adults.

Methods

Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2010. Participants were divided into quintiles based on proportion of grams from UPF using mean of 2-d dietary recall. The database of Food Recall Impacts on the Environment for Nutrition and Dietary Studies was used to estimate the pre-farmgate GHGE (in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents [kg CO₂-eq]) of foods. Multivariate linear regression models were used to test the association between quintiles of UPF consumption and pre-farmgate GHGE. Models were progressively adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, total caloric intake, and red and processed meat intake.

Results

Consuming a greater proportion of grams from UPF was associated with higher pre-farmgate GHGE in unadjusted analyses. However, when the analyses were adjusted for total energy, we saw the opposite trend, such that consuming a higher proportion of grams from UPF was associated with lower pre-farmgate emissions: emissions for the highest quintile of UPF consumption were 4.47 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 4.27, 4.67) kg CO₂-eq, compared with 4.85 (95% CI: 4.64, 5.05) kg CO₂-eq for the highest quintile (P_trend = 0.003).

Conclusions

Although we find that diets with a greater proportion of grams from UPF have lower pre-farmgate GHGE, our analyses show an opposite trend when they are not adjusted for total energy intake, demonstrating the need for caution when analyzing the relationship of UPF intake with GHGE.

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