共沸二元混合制冷剂循环成分的测定方法

IF 3.5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.05.022

Muhammad Haider , Stefan Elbel

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引用次数: 0

摘要

共沸混合物允许定制制冷剂性能，以达到理想的全球变暖潜能值（GWP）和可燃性特性。然而，混合物中循环成分和标称成分之间的成分变化，需要精确测量循环成分。本研究综述了现有的非原位和原位测量循环成分的方法，并介绍了一种基于压力-温度-密度（PTD）气体法的新型、经济高效的非原位测量技术。该方法测量有油存在的二元混合物组成，质量分数的不确定度为±0.02。它比传统的气相色谱（GC）更便携，价格也更便宜，尽管在准确性上有一些折衷。在使用R134a和R32混合物的冷水机系统中，PTD气体方法检测到循环成分与标称值相差0.03-0.06。此外，三种原位估计技术-压力-温度-质量（PTx），压力-温度-焓（PTh）和压力-温度-密度（PTD）液体-被评估用于测量循环成分而无需提取样品。PTx法和PTh法低估了0.02 ~ 0.08，而PTD液相法高估了0.08 ~ 0.12。这些差异导致COP峰值相对于非原位PTD气体测量值发生偏移。使用标称成分、PTx和PTh方法，峰值COP降低了2 - 3%，而PTD液体方法高估了近3%。因此，建议对原位方法进行校准，以提高使用非原位技术的原位方法的准确性。这些发现可能有助于实验分析、混合系统控制和现场诊断，有可能在不完全更换制冷剂的情况下精确地填补泄漏系统。

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Methods of measuring circulation composition for zeotropic binary mixture refrigerants

Zeotropic blends allow for tailoring refrigerant properties to achieve desirable global warming potential (GWP) and flammability characteristics. However, composition shift between the circulation and the nominal composition in blends, necessitate accurate measurement of the circulation composition. This study reviews existing ex-situ and in-situ methods for measuring circulation composition, and introduces a novel, cost-effective ex-situ measurement technique based on the pressure-temperature-density (PTD) gas method. This method measures binary mixture composition in the presence of oil, with an uncertainty of ±0.02 in mass fraction. It is more portable and affordable than traditional gas chromatography (GC), though with some tradeoffs in accuracy. In a chiller system using R134a and R32 blends, the PTD gas method detects a circulation composition shift of 0.03–0.06 from the nominal value. Additionally, three in-situ estimation techniques – pressure-temperature-quality (PTx), pressure-temperature-enthalpy (PTh), and pressure-temperature-density (PTD) liquid – are evaluated for measuring circulation composition without sample withdrawal. The PTx and PTh methods underestimate composition by 0.02–0.08, while the PTD liquid method overestimates by 0.08–0.12. These discrepancies cause the peak COP to shift relative to the ex-situ PTD gas measurement. The peak COP is 2–3 % lower using nominal composition, PTx and PTh methods, whereas the PTD liquid method overestimates it by nearly 3 %. Thus, calibration of in-situ methods is recommended to enhance accuracy of in-situ methods using an ex-situ technique. These findings may aid experimental analysis, blend system control and field diagnosis, potentially enabling precise topping-off of leaking systems without full refrigerant replacement.

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来源期刊

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

12.80%

发文量

363

审稿时长

3.7 months

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Refrigeration is published for the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) by Elsevier. It is essential reading for all those wishing to keep abreast of research and industrial news in refrigeration, air conditioning and associated fields. This is particularly important in these times of rapid introduction of alternative refrigerants and the emergence of new technology. The journal has published special issues on alternative refrigerants and novel topics in the field of boiling, condensation, heat pumps, food refrigeration, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrocarbons, magnetic refrigeration at room temperature, sorptive cooling, phase change materials and slurries, ejector technology, compressors, and solar cooling. As well as original research papers the International Journal of Refrigeration also includes review articles, papers presented at IIR conferences, short reports and letters describing preliminary results and experimental details, and letters to the Editor on recent areas of discussion and controversy. Other features include forthcoming events, conference reports and book reviews. Papers are published in either English or French with the IIR news section in both languages.