Present status of and future opportunities for all-perovskite tandem photovoltaics

All-perovskite tandem solar cells represent the forefront of next-generation photovoltaic technologies, offering a promising pathway to exceeding the Shockley–Queisser efficiency limits of single-junction solar cells while maintaining cost-effectiveness and scalability. However, the transition from laboratory-scale prototypes to commercially viable products faces numerous challenges. Large-area fabrication requires the development of scalable manufacturing techniques while minimizing performance losses compared with laboratory-scale spin coating. Additionally, achieving long-term stability, reliability, efficient integration from cell to module, and high yield during practical deployment remain critical hurdles. Here we address these key aspects, summarize the latest field advancements and highlight strategies to overcome these challenges. By offering insights into the pathway towards reliable, durable and high-performance all-perovskite tandem photovoltaics, we aim to support their deployment in large-scale applications.