Ella S Smith, Megan Kuikman, Suzanna Rusell, Carissa L Gardiner, Shona L Halson, Trent Stellingwerff, Rachel Harris, Alannah K A McKay, Louise M Burke
{"title":"饮食或运动引起的24小时低能量可用性对女性和男性自行车手睡眠和恢复指标的影响存在差异。","authors":"Ella S Smith, Megan Kuikman, Suzanna Rusell, Carissa L Gardiner, Shona L Halson, Trent Stellingwerff, Rachel Harris, Alannah K A McKay, Louise M Burke","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003783","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the effects of 24-h manipulations in energy availability (EA), through altering energy intake (EI) or exercise energy expenditure (EEE), on sleep characteristics and nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>20 endurance athletes (10 females, 10 males) undertook five 24-h periods of EA manipulation, separated by 8 days, in a randomized Latin Square design. Following 24-h of standardized high EA (45 kcal·kg-1FFM·day-1), athletes then followed a diet providing low EA (15 kcal·kg-1FFM·day-1) either with/without exercise (LEAEX/REST), high EA (45 kcal·kg-1FFM·day-1) with/without exercise (HEAEX/REST) and excess EA (75 kcal·kg-1FFM·day-1) without exercise (GEA). Sleep and overnight HRV were assessed using Somfit and Oura ring devices, respectively, pre- and post-EA manipulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total sleep duration was extended by 53-61 min following LEAEX versus non-exercise conditions: GEA (p = 0.002), HEAREST (p = 0.003), and LEAREST (p = 0.020). Time in bed was also increased during LEAEX compared to GEA (p = 0.006) and HEAREST (p = 0.023), but without alterations to sleep efficiency between conditions (p = 0.613). Sleep onset latency increased by 8 min following LEAREST compared to GEA (p = 0.012), while there were no other alterations to objective/subjective sleep characteristics between conditions (all p > 0.05). There was no difference in overnight HRV following the 24-h EA manipulation (p > 0.05). However, mean overnight HR was lower following LEAREST and HEAREST (-4 ± 3 and -2 ± 3 b·min-1), compared to LEAEX (+1 ± 3 b·min-1), HEAEX (0 ± 3 b·min-1) and GEA (0 ± 3 b·min-1, all p < 0.01). There was no difference between sexes in the response to EA manipulation across all variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>24-h of exercise-induced LEA extended total sleep time, while diet-induced LEA reduced mean overnight HR. The responses to EA manipulations did not differ between sexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"24-Hour Low Energy Availability Induced by Diet or Exercise Exhibits Divergent Influences on Sleep and Recovery Indices among Female and Male Cyclists.\",\"authors\":\"Ella S Smith, Megan Kuikman, Suzanna Rusell, Carissa L Gardiner, Shona L Halson, Trent Stellingwerff, Rachel Harris, Alannah K A McKay, Louise M Burke\",\"doi\":\"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003783\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the effects of 24-h manipulations in energy availability (EA), through altering energy intake (EI) or exercise energy expenditure (EEE), on sleep characteristics and nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>20 endurance athletes (10 females, 10 males) undertook five 24-h periods of EA manipulation, separated by 8 days, in a randomized Latin Square design. Following 24-h of standardized high EA (45 kcal·kg-1FFM·day-1), athletes then followed a diet providing low EA (15 kcal·kg-1FFM·day-1) either with/without exercise (LEAEX/REST), high EA (45 kcal·kg-1FFM·day-1) with/without exercise (HEAEX/REST) and excess EA (75 kcal·kg-1FFM·day-1) without exercise (GEA). Sleep and overnight HRV were assessed using Somfit and Oura ring devices, respectively, pre- and post-EA manipulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total sleep duration was extended by 53-61 min following LEAEX versus non-exercise conditions: GEA (p = 0.002), HEAREST (p = 0.003), and LEAREST (p = 0.020). Time in bed was also increased during LEAEX compared to GEA (p = 0.006) and HEAREST (p = 0.023), but without alterations to sleep efficiency between conditions (p = 0.613). Sleep onset latency increased by 8 min following LEAREST compared to GEA (p = 0.012), while there were no other alterations to objective/subjective sleep characteristics between conditions (all p > 0.05). There was no difference in overnight HRV following the 24-h EA manipulation (p > 0.05). However, mean overnight HR was lower following LEAREST and HEAREST (-4 ± 3 and -2 ± 3 b·min-1), compared to LEAEX (+1 ± 3 b·min-1), HEAEX (0 ± 3 b·min-1) and GEA (0 ± 3 b·min-1, all p < 0.01). There was no difference between sexes in the response to EA manipulation across all variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>24-h of exercise-induced LEA extended total sleep time, while diet-induced LEA reduced mean overnight HR. The responses to EA manipulations did not differ between sexes.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":18426,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-16\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003783\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"SPORT SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003783","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"SPORT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
24-Hour Low Energy Availability Induced by Diet or Exercise Exhibits Divergent Influences on Sleep and Recovery Indices among Female and Male Cyclists.
Purpose: To examine the effects of 24-h manipulations in energy availability (EA), through altering energy intake (EI) or exercise energy expenditure (EEE), on sleep characteristics and nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV).
Methods: 20 endurance athletes (10 females, 10 males) undertook five 24-h periods of EA manipulation, separated by 8 days, in a randomized Latin Square design. Following 24-h of standardized high EA (45 kcal·kg-1FFM·day-1), athletes then followed a diet providing low EA (15 kcal·kg-1FFM·day-1) either with/without exercise (LEAEX/REST), high EA (45 kcal·kg-1FFM·day-1) with/without exercise (HEAEX/REST) and excess EA (75 kcal·kg-1FFM·day-1) without exercise (GEA). Sleep and overnight HRV were assessed using Somfit and Oura ring devices, respectively, pre- and post-EA manipulation.
Results: Total sleep duration was extended by 53-61 min following LEAEX versus non-exercise conditions: GEA (p = 0.002), HEAREST (p = 0.003), and LEAREST (p = 0.020). Time in bed was also increased during LEAEX compared to GEA (p = 0.006) and HEAREST (p = 0.023), but without alterations to sleep efficiency between conditions (p = 0.613). Sleep onset latency increased by 8 min following LEAREST compared to GEA (p = 0.012), while there were no other alterations to objective/subjective sleep characteristics between conditions (all p > 0.05). There was no difference in overnight HRV following the 24-h EA manipulation (p > 0.05). However, mean overnight HR was lower following LEAREST and HEAREST (-4 ± 3 and -2 ± 3 b·min-1), compared to LEAEX (+1 ± 3 b·min-1), HEAEX (0 ± 3 b·min-1) and GEA (0 ± 3 b·min-1, all p < 0.01). There was no difference between sexes in the response to EA manipulation across all variables.
Conclusions: 24-h of exercise-induced LEA extended total sleep time, while diet-induced LEA reduced mean overnight HR. The responses to EA manipulations did not differ between sexes.
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Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise® features original investigations, clinical studies, and comprehensive reviews on current topics in sports medicine and exercise science. With this leading multidisciplinary journal, exercise physiologists, physiatrists, physical therapists, team physicians, and athletic trainers get a vital exchange of information from basic and applied science, medicine, education, and allied health fields.
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