轻度COVID-19后年轻人的认知功能：来自伊朗的病例对照研究

IF 2.9 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

IBRO Neuroscience Reports Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI:10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.06.003

Farzad Akbarzadeh , Farhad Faridhosseini , Mahboubeh eslamzadeh , Mojtaba ghalandarzadeh , Saeedeh Hajebikhaniki , Alireza Ebrahimi

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引用次数: 0

摘要

自2019年12月以来，新型冠状病毒（COVID-19）在全球人群中引起了广泛感染，其特点是具有高传染性。尽管对COVID-19的急性影响进行了广泛的研究，但对长期心理和神经系统后遗症的探索仍然不足。本研究旨在调查COVID-19感染后的认知功能，并与未感染的对照组进行比较。方法本病例对照研究包括40名转诊至伊朗马什哈德伊玛目礼萨转诊和教育医院的COVID-19康复患者，以及40名未出现COVID-19症状的匹配对照组。所有参与者都接受了精神病助理的初步筛查，以排除重大的医疗和精神疾病以及任何药物使用史。进行了人口统计检查表，随后使用Stroop测试、数字广度测试和威斯康星卡片分类测试（WCST）进行认知评估。数据分析使用SPSS Version 20。结果两组患者年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、就业状况差异无统计学意义（p >； 0.05）。然而，与健康对照组相比，covid -19感染者完成一致性Stroop测试的时间明显更长，反应时间也明显增加（p <； 0.05）。此外，与未感染组相比，感染组完成威斯康星卡片分类测试的持续时间明显更长（p <； 0.001）。虽然感染组的最长手指跨距和手指跨距测验得分较低，但差异无统计学意义（p >； 0.05）。此外，在连续表现测试（CPT）中，第一组、第二组和第三组50个刺激的反应时间在COVID-19组中显著大于（p <； 0.001）。本研究强调，与健康个体相比，covid -19后的认知表现受到不利影响，特别是在处理速度和持续注意力方面。需要进一步的研究来阐明潜在的机制，并探索在这一人群中进行认知康复的潜在干预措施。

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Cognitive functioning in young adults after mild COVID-19: A case-control study from Iran

Introduction

Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has caused widespread infection across global populations, characterized by its high transmissibility. Despite extensive research on the acute effects of COVID-19, the long-term psychological and neurological sequela remain inadequately explored. This study aimed to investigate cognitive function after COVID-19 infection compared to a control group of non-infected subjects.

Methods

This case-control study included 40 individuals who had recovered from COVID-19, referred to Imam Reza Referral and Educational Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, and 40 matched controls who had not experienced COVID-19 symptoms. All participants underwent an initial screening by a psychiatric assistant to exclude significant medical and psychiatric conditions and any history of drug use. A demographic checklist was administered, followed by cognitive assessments using the Stroop Test, Digit Span Test, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Data were analysed using SPSS Version 20.

Results

No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding age, sex, education level, marital status, or employment status (p > 0.05). However, COVID-19-infected individuals exhibited significantly longer completion times for the congruent Stroop test and increased reaction times compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). Additionally, the duration for completing the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was significantly longer in the infected group compared to the non-infected group (p < 0.001). Although the longest digit span and scores on the Digit Span Test were lower in the infected group, these differences did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Furthermore, reaction times in the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) for the first, second, and third sets of 50 stimuli were significantly greater in the COVID-19 group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study underscores that cognitive performance post-COVID-19 is adversely affected, particularly in terms of processing speed and sustained attention, when compared to healthy individuals. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and to explore potential interventions for cognitive rehabilitation in this population.

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