Marco Parolini, Arianna Crosta, Beatrice De Felice, Viviana Minolfi, Francesca Pittino, Riccardo Scotti, Giulia Liguori, Jan Pachner, Andrea Franzetti, Roberto Ambrosini
{"title":"意大利冰川冰上碎屑中的微量元素和有机卤素化合物污染。","authors":"Marco Parolini, Arianna Crosta, Beatrice De Felice, Viviana Minolfi, Francesca Pittino, Riccardo Scotti, Giulia Liguori, Jan Pachner, Andrea Franzetti, Roberto Ambrosini","doi":"10.1007/s00244-025-01135-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glaciers represent unique and threatened ecosystems, which have accumulated and continue receiving diverse, potentially toxic, and environmental contaminants released by past and ongoing anthropic activities. The accelerated ablation and retreat of glaciers due to climate warming can consequently alter the fate of contaminants trapped within their ice or on their surface, leading to increased contaminant release through meltwaters. Thus, the monitoring of glacier contaminants is crucial for assessing the potential risk for proglacial ecosystems. The present study aimed at investigating the presence and distribution of organic and inorganic contaminants in supraglacial debris from sixteen Italian glaciers. The levels of organohalogen compounds, specifically organochlorine (i.e., DDT homologues, HCH isomers, HCB, and PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (i.e., PBDEs), and trace elements (i.e., Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, Va, and Zn) were investigated in the debris collected from fifteen Alpine glaciers and the only existing Apenninic glacieret. The supraglacial debris of all glaciers contained measurable concentrations of trace elements, while organohalogen compounds were detected at measurable concentrations only in certain glaciers. Fe (mean ± standard deviation: 22,781.46 ± 10,849.73 mg/Kg dry weight), Al (10,417.71 ± 6,019.36 mg/Kg d.w.), and Mn (312.52 ± 167.78 d.w.) were the predominant trace elements, but measurable concentrations of toxic metals such as Cd (0.23 ± 0.31 d.w.), Hg (0.16 ± 0.12 d.w.), and Pb (84.32 ± 110.04 d.w.) were detected in the debris of all glaciers. The DDT homologues (mean ± standard deviation: 0.006 ± 0.009 mg/Kg d.w.), PCBs (0.003 ± 0.004 d.w.), and HCB (0.0009 ± 0.0005 d.w.) were measured in less than the 75% of investigated glaciers, while HCH isomers and PBDEs were never measured. Overall, a wide variability in the levels of all the investigated contaminants was observed among glaciers, suggesting that their origin could depend on atmospheric transport but also local sources of contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":8377,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Trace Element and Organohalogen Compound Contamination in the Supraglacial Debris of Italian Glaciers.\",\"authors\":\"Marco Parolini, Arianna Crosta, Beatrice De Felice, Viviana Minolfi, Francesca Pittino, Riccardo Scotti, Giulia Liguori, Jan Pachner, Andrea Franzetti, Roberto Ambrosini\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s00244-025-01135-8\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Glaciers represent unique and threatened ecosystems, which have accumulated and continue receiving diverse, potentially toxic, and environmental contaminants released by past and ongoing anthropic activities. The accelerated ablation and retreat of glaciers due to climate warming can consequently alter the fate of contaminants trapped within their ice or on their surface, leading to increased contaminant release through meltwaters. Thus, the monitoring of glacier contaminants is crucial for assessing the potential risk for proglacial ecosystems. The present study aimed at investigating the presence and distribution of organic and inorganic contaminants in supraglacial debris from sixteen Italian glaciers. The levels of organohalogen compounds, specifically organochlorine (i.e., DDT homologues, HCH isomers, HCB, and PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (i.e., PBDEs), and trace elements (i.e., Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, Va, and Zn) were investigated in the debris collected from fifteen Alpine glaciers and the only existing Apenninic glacieret. The supraglacial debris of all glaciers contained measurable concentrations of trace elements, while organohalogen compounds were detected at measurable concentrations only in certain glaciers. Fe (mean ± standard deviation: 22,781.46 ± 10,849.73 mg/Kg dry weight), Al (10,417.71 ± 6,019.36 mg/Kg d.w.), and Mn (312.52 ± 167.78 d.w.) were the predominant trace elements, but measurable concentrations of toxic metals such as Cd (0.23 ± 0.31 d.w.), Hg (0.16 ± 0.12 d.w.), and Pb (84.32 ± 110.04 d.w.) were detected in the debris of all glaciers. The DDT homologues (mean ± standard deviation: 0.006 ± 0.009 mg/Kg d.w.), PCBs (0.003 ± 0.004 d.w.), and HCB (0.0009 ± 0.0005 d.w.) were measured in less than the 75% of investigated glaciers, while HCH isomers and PBDEs were never measured. Overall, a wide variability in the levels of all the investigated contaminants was observed among glaciers, suggesting that their origin could depend on atmospheric transport but also local sources of contamination.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":8377,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-16\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-025-01135-8\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-025-01135-8","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Trace Element and Organohalogen Compound Contamination in the Supraglacial Debris of Italian Glaciers.
Glaciers represent unique and threatened ecosystems, which have accumulated and continue receiving diverse, potentially toxic, and environmental contaminants released by past and ongoing anthropic activities. The accelerated ablation and retreat of glaciers due to climate warming can consequently alter the fate of contaminants trapped within their ice or on their surface, leading to increased contaminant release through meltwaters. Thus, the monitoring of glacier contaminants is crucial for assessing the potential risk for proglacial ecosystems. The present study aimed at investigating the presence and distribution of organic and inorganic contaminants in supraglacial debris from sixteen Italian glaciers. The levels of organohalogen compounds, specifically organochlorine (i.e., DDT homologues, HCH isomers, HCB, and PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (i.e., PBDEs), and trace elements (i.e., Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, Va, and Zn) were investigated in the debris collected from fifteen Alpine glaciers and the only existing Apenninic glacieret. The supraglacial debris of all glaciers contained measurable concentrations of trace elements, while organohalogen compounds were detected at measurable concentrations only in certain glaciers. Fe (mean ± standard deviation: 22,781.46 ± 10,849.73 mg/Kg dry weight), Al (10,417.71 ± 6,019.36 mg/Kg d.w.), and Mn (312.52 ± 167.78 d.w.) were the predominant trace elements, but measurable concentrations of toxic metals such as Cd (0.23 ± 0.31 d.w.), Hg (0.16 ± 0.12 d.w.), and Pb (84.32 ± 110.04 d.w.) were detected in the debris of all glaciers. The DDT homologues (mean ± standard deviation: 0.006 ± 0.009 mg/Kg d.w.), PCBs (0.003 ± 0.004 d.w.), and HCB (0.0009 ± 0.0005 d.w.) were measured in less than the 75% of investigated glaciers, while HCH isomers and PBDEs were never measured. Overall, a wide variability in the levels of all the investigated contaminants was observed among glaciers, suggesting that their origin could depend on atmospheric transport but also local sources of contamination.
期刊介绍:
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology provides a place for the publication of timely, detailed, and definitive scientific studies pertaining to the source, transport, fate and / or effects of contaminants in the environment. The journal will consider submissions dealing with new analytical and toxicological techniques that advance our understanding of the source, transport, fate and / or effects of contaminants in the environment. AECT will now consider mini-reviews (where length including references is less than 5,000 words), which highlight case studies, a geographic topic of interest, or a timely subject of debate. AECT will also consider Special Issues on subjects of broad interest. The journal strongly encourages authors to ensure that their submission places a strong emphasis on ecosystem processes; submissions limited to technical aspects of such areas as toxicity testing for single chemicals, wastewater effluent characterization, human occupation exposure, or agricultural phytotoxicity are unlikely to be considered.