{"title":"结合实验和计算方法揭示加性搅拌摩擦沉积AA6061合金的加工-显微组织-性能关系","authors":"Deepak Paliwal , Purnima Bharti , Manasij Yadava , Madhavan Radhakrishnan , Shashank Sharma , Narendra B. Dahotre , N.P. Gurao","doi":"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148657","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Controlling spatial variation in microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties in additive friction stir deposited (AFSD) age-hardenable aluminium alloys is necessary to advance the process for critical applications. The present work addresses this issue through detailed microstructural analysis, mechanical property evaluation, in-situ EBSD tensile testing, and state-of-the-art crystal plasticity simulation of a multilayer AFSD build of AA6061 alloy. A significant decrease (∼68 HV to ∼45 HV) in microhardness, yield strength (201 MPa–98 MPa), and a variation in texture were observed from top to bottom. The DSC and TEM analysis revealed that the top region comprised mainly of needle shape semi-coherent <span><math><mrow><msup><mi>β</mi><mo>″</mo></msup></mrow></math></span> precipitates while the bottom locations consisted of coarse rod shape incoherent <span><math><mrow><msup><mi>β</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></mrow></math></span> precipitates. In-situ tensile test with EBSD showed that in the bottom and middle of the build, the strain was uniformly distributed within grains and grain boundaries, while it was preferentially concentrated at grain boundaries in the top region. Higher strength at the top was attributed to a significant contribution from precipitation (∼53 %), while texture and dislocation strengthening dominated (∼57 %) at the bottom of the sample. Crystal plasticity fast Fourier transform (CPFFT) based full-field simulations, using the Düsseldorf Advanced Material Simulation Kit (DAMASK), highlighted the importance of textural heterogeneity along the build direction. Micromechanical Taylor factor and T-parameters calculated from CPFFT simulation captured the in-grain heterogeneity observed experimentally. These findings highlight that in an AFSD build of age-hardenable alloys, strength is primarily controlled by the precipitates and intra- and inter-granular deformation is governed by local texture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":385,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","volume":"942 ","pages":"Article 148657"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Integrating experimental and computational approaches to unveil processing-microstructure-property relationships in additive friction stir deposited AA6061 alloy\",\"authors\":\"Deepak Paliwal , Purnima Bharti , Manasij Yadava , Madhavan Radhakrishnan , Shashank Sharma , Narendra B. Dahotre , N.P. Gurao\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.msea.2025.148657\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Controlling spatial variation in microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties in additive friction stir deposited (AFSD) age-hardenable aluminium alloys is necessary to advance the process for critical applications. The present work addresses this issue through detailed microstructural analysis, mechanical property evaluation, in-situ EBSD tensile testing, and state-of-the-art crystal plasticity simulation of a multilayer AFSD build of AA6061 alloy. A significant decrease (∼68 HV to ∼45 HV) in microhardness, yield strength (201 MPa–98 MPa), and a variation in texture were observed from top to bottom. The DSC and TEM analysis revealed that the top region comprised mainly of needle shape semi-coherent <span><math><mrow><msup><mi>β</mi><mo>″</mo></msup></mrow></math></span> precipitates while the bottom locations consisted of coarse rod shape incoherent <span><math><mrow><msup><mi>β</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></mrow></math></span> precipitates. In-situ tensile test with EBSD showed that in the bottom and middle of the build, the strain was uniformly distributed within grains and grain boundaries, while it was preferentially concentrated at grain boundaries in the top region. Higher strength at the top was attributed to a significant contribution from precipitation (∼53 %), while texture and dislocation strengthening dominated (∼57 %) at the bottom of the sample. Crystal plasticity fast Fourier transform (CPFFT) based full-field simulations, using the Düsseldorf Advanced Material Simulation Kit (DAMASK), highlighted the importance of textural heterogeneity along the build direction. Micromechanical Taylor factor and T-parameters calculated from CPFFT simulation captured the in-grain heterogeneity observed experimentally. These findings highlight that in an AFSD build of age-hardenable alloys, strength is primarily controlled by the precipitates and intra- and inter-granular deformation is governed by local texture.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":385,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Materials Science and Engineering: A\",\"volume\":\"942 \",\"pages\":\"Article 148657\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-11\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Materials Science and Engineering: A\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921509325008810\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Materials Science and Engineering: A","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921509325008810","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Integrating experimental and computational approaches to unveil processing-microstructure-property relationships in additive friction stir deposited AA6061 alloy
Controlling spatial variation in microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties in additive friction stir deposited (AFSD) age-hardenable aluminium alloys is necessary to advance the process for critical applications. The present work addresses this issue through detailed microstructural analysis, mechanical property evaluation, in-situ EBSD tensile testing, and state-of-the-art crystal plasticity simulation of a multilayer AFSD build of AA6061 alloy. A significant decrease (∼68 HV to ∼45 HV) in microhardness, yield strength (201 MPa–98 MPa), and a variation in texture were observed from top to bottom. The DSC and TEM analysis revealed that the top region comprised mainly of needle shape semi-coherent precipitates while the bottom locations consisted of coarse rod shape incoherent precipitates. In-situ tensile test with EBSD showed that in the bottom and middle of the build, the strain was uniformly distributed within grains and grain boundaries, while it was preferentially concentrated at grain boundaries in the top region. Higher strength at the top was attributed to a significant contribution from precipitation (∼53 %), while texture and dislocation strengthening dominated (∼57 %) at the bottom of the sample. Crystal plasticity fast Fourier transform (CPFFT) based full-field simulations, using the Düsseldorf Advanced Material Simulation Kit (DAMASK), highlighted the importance of textural heterogeneity along the build direction. Micromechanical Taylor factor and T-parameters calculated from CPFFT simulation captured the in-grain heterogeneity observed experimentally. These findings highlight that in an AFSD build of age-hardenable alloys, strength is primarily controlled by the precipitates and intra- and inter-granular deformation is governed by local texture.
期刊介绍:
Materials Science and Engineering A provides an international medium for the publication of theoretical and experimental studies related to the load-bearing capacity of materials as influenced by their basic properties, processing history, microstructure and operating environment. Appropriate submissions to Materials Science and Engineering A should include scientific and/or engineering factors which affect the microstructure - strength relationships of materials and report the changes to mechanical behavior.