Transport processes and ground temperature affected by solar irradiation through the troposphere layer

This study predicts transport phenomena influenced by solar irradiation across the troposphere. The imbalance between solar irradiation and long-wavelength radiation emitted by the Earth's surface contributes to global warming and the frequency and intensity of droughts and heatwaves that impact human life. The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) announces that global warming by approximately 1 % over recent decades is attributed to carbon dioxide, among other uncertain factors. The present model, building on previous work, solves the transient one-dimensional energy equation, including changes in enthalpy and the absorption or dissipation of conduction and radiation. Radiation is decomposed into collimated solar radiation, influenced by altitude, longitude, and latitude; and diffuse radiation, determined by different absorption bands of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Using COMSOL Multiphysics, the energy equation is solved by incorporating Beer’s law for collimated irradiation and the P1 approximation for diffuse long-wavelength radiation. The results indicate that global warming can result from any factor that affects solar irradiation. The energy balance at the ground surface is also proposed to demonstrate the significant role of solar irradiation rather than greenhouse gases in global warming. The extinction coefficient of solar irradiation increases tropospheric temperature above 50 m due to higher absorption, while it lowers the temperature in the lower troposphere due to reduced collimated radiation. Temporal changes in tropospheric temperature near the ground surface are governed by the absorption or dissipation of heat through conduction and diffuse radiation, influenced by distinct absorption bands of water vapor and carbon dioxide.