Examining the role of radiation risk perception in patient decision-making for diagnostic imaging procedures: Insights from a multi-centre study across diverse populations

Introduction

Ionising radiation-based diagnostic imaging is crucial for modern medical care and carries potential hazards, including the risk of radiation-induced cancer at cumulative higher doses. Patients' perceptions significantly influence decisions related to diagnostic imaging procedures. Despite advancements in information and technology, knowledge gaps and communication barriers persist, leading to misconceptions and anxieties.

Methods

This multi-centre cross-sectional study assessed the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of 628 patients regarding radiation risks. Stratified random sampling selected participants from urban and rural medical facilities. Data were collected from 26 healthcare centres (7 urban, 19 rural) to ensure diverse coverage. A structured questionnaire, comprising closed-ended and Likert-scale questions, was used to examine patient backgrounds, knowledge of radiation-emitting methods, trust in healthcare providers, and factors influencing decision-making.

Results

Results showed varying patient knowledge. While 98.7 % correctly identified X-rays as a source of radiation, only 54.3 % recognised CT scans. Misconceptions were common, with 9.2 % believing that MRI and 3.8 % believing that ultrasound emits ionising radiation. Additionally, 82.3 % of respondents felt that medical professionals did not adequately communicate the risks associated with radiation. Rural participants reported significantly higher anxiety (mean score: rural = 3.2, urban = 2.6).

Conclusion

The study emphasises the necessity of more consistent patient education and better physician communication about radiation hazards. Resolving misunderstandings and promoting informed decision-making can enhance patient confidence and optimise the utilisation of diagnostic imaging.

Implications for practice

This study underscores the importance of comprehensive patient education, standardised provider communication, and informed consent practices in addressing knowledge gaps and mitigating radiation-related fears. Community outreach and telemedicine can help address health literacy gaps, while digital technology and hospital-led counselling can facilitate a better understanding of radiation risk in patients.