Supercritical CO2-Regulation on 2D Magnetic Materials

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO₂), as a green solvent, demonstrates unique advantages in the synthesis and property modulation of 2D magnetic materials. This review systematically summarizes the synergistic strategies of SC CO₂, including defect engineering, chemical doping, lattice strain, and interface control, to effectively induce and enhance room-temperature ferromagnetism (RT FM) in 2D materials. Research indicates that SC CO₂ treatment significantly enhances magnetic performance by breaking chemical bonds (e.g., introducing unpaired electrons in B-doped graphene oxide with a saturation magnetization (Ms) of 1.71 emu g⁻¹) or regulating oxygen vacancies (e.g., achieving Ms = 0.3492 emu g⁻¹ in SrTiO₃ perovskite). Furthermore, SC CO₂ optimizes spin configurations via phase transitions (e.g., rhombohedral-to-cubic transformation in BiFeO₃) and lattice strain, thereby strengthening superexchange interactions. Despite breakthroughs in graphene derivatives, transition metal oxides (e.g., VO₂ nanosheets), and perovskite systems, challenges remain in understanding microscopic mechanisms, ensuring material stability, and enabling scalable production. Future efforts should integrate advanced characterization and computational modeling to unravel SC CO₂-material interactions, advancing applications in spintronics and quantum devices.