Evaluating and reducing observer metamerism on displays.

This paper introduces a series of experiments addressing the issue of observer metamerism(OM) on displays, which consists of several parts: a display-based white and colored color-matching experiment, and a trichromator-based white color-matching experiment. Analysis of the experimental results indicates that the CIE2015 10^∘ color matching functions (CMFs) performed the best among all CIE standard observers, while individual CMFs achieved the best results among all CMFs. Furthermore, the limitations of display-based CMFs were identified. Based on this, the performance of individual CMFs, derived using various experimental datasets as training sets, was compared to further clarify the potential issues with display-based CMFs. Additionally, an analysis of color and display primaries, with simulation experiments, revealed that neutral colors exhibited more severe OM. Moreover, the choice of peak wavelength was found to have a more significant impact on OM compared to the bandwidth of the display primaries, when a new display is compared with an existing reference display.