Kirigami-inspired novel photovoltaic shading facade: multi-objective optimization of energy consumption, daylighting, thermal comfort, visual comfort, and landscape view

With rising global building energy consumption, photovoltaic shading facades (PVSFs) have gained attention for their dual function of solar radiation control and electricity generation. However, most of existing PVSFs are simple louver structures, lacking in-depth exploration of complex aesthetic design and PV self-shading issues, and have repeated evaluation of the schemes. Inspired by kirigami, this paper designed a novel lightweight honeycomb PVSF, aiming to improve the indoor environment and energy consumption while improving the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation (PVPG). The study also comprehensively considers comfort and view, and combines criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assign weights, aiming to improve the accuracy of decision making. Results showed that the optimal solution improved net EUI, UDIe, UDI_100-3000, and TCP by 20.1%, 70.8%, 5.4%, and 23%, respectively, compared to the baseline. The view reached 19.75%, within the user-acceptable range; the PV self-shading rate was only 4.7%, significantly lower than traditional PV blinds. Compared with single-objective optimization, the multi-objective optimization (MOO) scheme demonstrated superior overall performance. Sensitivity analysis showed that the number of vertical grids had the greatest impact, and bond length had the smallest impact, but it did not have a negative impact on other objectives. Climate adaptability analysis showed that honeycomb PVSF effectively optimized energy consumption and indoor environment, but had limitations in cold regions such as Changchun. The research results have demonstrated the advantages of the novel PVSF and optimized MOO process, and provide a reference for PVSF design and MOO.