Mechanism of Bispecific Antibodies and Clinical Research Advances in Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is an aggressive malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Compared with traditional treatments, the development of pre-cision treatment programs, such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy, has progressively transformed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with driver mutations, becoming a clini-cally controllable chronic disease. Among the treatments for lung cancer, monospecific anti-bodies gradually show effectiveness but also expose their susceptibility to drug resistance, off-target effects, and other limitations. Therefore, bispecific antibodies have been developed, which have two different antigen-binding sites so that they can bind two distinct antigens or two distinct epitopes of the same antigen with adjustable specificity and do not easily produce drug resistance. This article reviews the design strategies and mechanism of bispecific anti-bodies, summarizes the latest progress in clinical trials involving bispecific antibodies for lung cancer, and analyzes the current challenges and future directions in this area of research.