Audrey Beaumont, Anne-Laure Emond, Philippe Pourcelot, Lauriane Fayaubot, Bérangère Ravary-Plumioen, Anne-Gaelle Dupays, Loïc Desquilbet, Jean-Marie Denoix, Nathalie Crevier-Denoix
{"title":"在训练的头几个月里，年轻的法国快步犬正常指浅屈肌腱的横截面积增加。","authors":"Audrey Beaumont, Anne-Laure Emond, Philippe Pourcelot, Lauriane Fayaubot, Bérangère Ravary-Plumioen, Anne-Gaelle Dupays, Loïc Desquilbet, Jean-Marie Denoix, Nathalie Crevier-Denoix","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0249","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantify changes in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the midmetacarpal superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in young Trotters during training.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this experimental study, 12 healthy 3-year-old French Trotters, assigned to either a soft-track or a hard-track group, were trained for 4 months (June through September of 2012 and 2013). Both groups followed the same exercise program of increasing intensity. Ultrasonographic examinations of both forelimb SDFTs of each horse were performed before the beginning of training (D0), after 2 months of training (M2), and after 4 months of training (M4). The tendon CSA at the midmetacarpus was measured at each session, and the percentage of change over time was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>3 of 6 horses trained on the hard track developed bilateral SDFT tendinopathy at M4 (n = 6 tendons). The tendon CSA in horses without tendinopathy (n = 18 tendons) significantly increased: +6.8% at M2 and +4.3% at M4, compared to D0; the CSA change from M2 to M4 was -2.3% while exercise intensity increased. Although the tendons that developed tendinopathy at M4 were asymptomatic at M2, a posteriori analysis revealed that their CSA percentage of increase from D0 to M2 (+13%) was significantly larger compared with tendons that remained uninjured. The CSA continued to increase from M2 to M4 in these tendons (+27.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased SDFT CSA in Trotters during the initial phase of training and a greater rate of CSA increase for those with early tendon damage suggest adaptive changes to exercise and injury.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Early tendon damage should be suspected when CSA increase reaches 10% or more in 2 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":7754,"journal":{"name":"American journal of veterinary research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The cross-sectional area of normal superficial digital flexor tendon of young French Trotters increases during the first months of training.\",\"authors\":\"Audrey Beaumont, Anne-Laure Emond, Philippe Pourcelot, Lauriane Fayaubot, Bérangère Ravary-Plumioen, Anne-Gaelle Dupays, Loïc Desquilbet, Jean-Marie Denoix, Nathalie Crevier-Denoix\",\"doi\":\"10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0249\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantify changes in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the midmetacarpal superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in young Trotters during training.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this experimental study, 12 healthy 3-year-old French Trotters, assigned to either a soft-track or a hard-track group, were trained for 4 months (June through September of 2012 and 2013). Both groups followed the same exercise program of increasing intensity. Ultrasonographic examinations of both forelimb SDFTs of each horse were performed before the beginning of training (D0), after 2 months of training (M2), and after 4 months of training (M4). The tendon CSA at the midmetacarpus was measured at each session, and the percentage of change over time was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>3 of 6 horses trained on the hard track developed bilateral SDFT tendinopathy at M4 (n = 6 tendons). The tendon CSA in horses without tendinopathy (n = 18 tendons) significantly increased: +6.8% at M2 and +4.3% at M4, compared to D0; the CSA change from M2 to M4 was -2.3% while exercise intensity increased. Although the tendons that developed tendinopathy at M4 were asymptomatic at M2, a posteriori analysis revealed that their CSA percentage of increase from D0 to M2 (+13%) was significantly larger compared with tendons that remained uninjured. The CSA continued to increase from M2 to M4 in these tendons (+27.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased SDFT CSA in Trotters during the initial phase of training and a greater rate of CSA increase for those with early tendon damage suggest adaptive changes to exercise and injury.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Early tendon damage should be suspected when CSA increase reaches 10% or more in 2 months.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7754,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"American journal of veterinary research\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"1-10\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-12\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"American journal of veterinary research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0249\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"VETERINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American journal of veterinary research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0249","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
The cross-sectional area of normal superficial digital flexor tendon of young French Trotters increases during the first months of training.
Objective: To quantify changes in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the midmetacarpal superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in young Trotters during training.
Methods: In this experimental study, 12 healthy 3-year-old French Trotters, assigned to either a soft-track or a hard-track group, were trained for 4 months (June through September of 2012 and 2013). Both groups followed the same exercise program of increasing intensity. Ultrasonographic examinations of both forelimb SDFTs of each horse were performed before the beginning of training (D0), after 2 months of training (M2), and after 4 months of training (M4). The tendon CSA at the midmetacarpus was measured at each session, and the percentage of change over time was calculated.
Results: 3 of 6 horses trained on the hard track developed bilateral SDFT tendinopathy at M4 (n = 6 tendons). The tendon CSA in horses without tendinopathy (n = 18 tendons) significantly increased: +6.8% at M2 and +4.3% at M4, compared to D0; the CSA change from M2 to M4 was -2.3% while exercise intensity increased. Although the tendons that developed tendinopathy at M4 were asymptomatic at M2, a posteriori analysis revealed that their CSA percentage of increase from D0 to M2 (+13%) was significantly larger compared with tendons that remained uninjured. The CSA continued to increase from M2 to M4 in these tendons (+27.9%).
Conclusions: Increased SDFT CSA in Trotters during the initial phase of training and a greater rate of CSA increase for those with early tendon damage suggest adaptive changes to exercise and injury.
Clinical relevance: Early tendon damage should be suspected when CSA increase reaches 10% or more in 2 months.
期刊介绍：
The American Journal of Veterinary Research supports the collaborative exchange of information between researchers and clinicians by publishing novel research findings that bridge the gulf between basic research and clinical practice or that help to translate laboratory research and preclinical studies to the development of clinical trials and clinical practice. The journal welcomes submission of high-quality original studies and review articles in a wide range of scientific fields, including anatomy, anesthesiology, animal welfare, behavior, epidemiology, genetics, heredity, infectious disease, molecular biology, oncology, pharmacology, pathogenic mechanisms, physiology, surgery, theriogenology, toxicology, and vaccinology. Species of interest include production animals, companion animals, equids, exotic animals, birds, reptiles, and wild and marine animals. Reports of laboratory animal studies and studies involving the use of animals as experimental models of human diseases are considered only when the study results are of demonstrable benefit to the species used in the research or to another species of veterinary interest. Other fields of interest or animals species are not necessarily excluded from consideration, but such reports must focus on novel research findings. Submitted papers must make an original and substantial contribution to the veterinary medicine knowledge base; preliminary studies are not appropriate.
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