Bridging the digital gap: Empirical insights into agri-food supply chain transformation

The agri-food supply chain (AFSC) is undergoing transformation in the digital era. Despite growing interest in digital technologies, empirical studies examining the adoption of digital technology within AFSC are still scarce. This systematic literature review synthesizes state-of-the-art research from 2015 to 2024, identifying emerging trends and theoretical frameworks related to digital technology in AFSC. Utilizing the PRISMA process, this study reviewed 26 articles that employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). This review identified five main clusters: behavior intention, sustainability, operation, performance, and risk management. Results show a rising trend in empirical research on digital technologies in the AFSC, with blockchain emerging as the most frequently mentioned technology. Theories such as the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), Resource-Based View (RBV), Natural Resource-Based View (NRBV), and Dynamic Capabilities View (DCV) are frequently applied. The review highlights the importance of integrating digital technologies to enhance efficiency, transparency, and sustainability in AFSCs. It underscores blockchain's potential for traceability and IoT's role in improving operational efficiency. Additionally, it stresses the need for managers to prioritize investment in digital infrastructure and training to effectively leverage these technologies. Future research should focus on exploring gaps, particularly in the context of emerging economies, to ensure that digital technologies can realize their potential for enhancing sustainability and performance in the AFSC.