How does comprehension affect user experience quality in multilanguage voice-activated intelligent education?

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence and increased demand for personalized learning, voice-activated intelligent education (V-AIE) systems have emerged as promising tools for enhancing the user experience and learning outcomes. However, the mechanisms by which comprehension impacts user experience quality (UEQ) in V-AIE systems, particularly in native and nonnative language environments, remain unexplored. This study investigates how intelligibility, comprehensibility, and cognitive effort influence UEQ in V-AIE systems across different language environments in cross-sectional and longitudinal experiment. This research draws on cognitive load theory and the phonological loop model to explore the mechanism in different language contexts. Path analysis and causal forests are employed to assess the treatment effect and provide deeper and dynamic insights into the user experience. The findings reveal the following: 1) Intelligibility has a significant positive effect on comprehensibility in native environments, but this impact is limited in nonnative environments. 2) Cognitive effort plays a crucial role in shaping UEQ, particularly in nonnative contexts, where greater effort improves satisfaction. 3) The effect pathways associated with UEQ differ significantly between different language environments and require tailored design strategies. This study innovatively conducts a comprehensive comparison of the mechanisms underlying the impact of comprehension on UEQ in V-AIE systems in different language environments, thereby providing novel insights into the roles played by cognitive effort and intelligibility. The findings offer eight actionable design implications used to enhance V-AIE systems, including integrating adaptive features and adjusting the cognitive load. Educational technologists can use these insights to develop more inclusive and effective tools, thereby promoting equal access to personalized learning experiences worldwide.