Three-dimensional analysis of flow physics around a sphere inside a cone

This study presents a comprehensive three-dimensional numerical investigation of the flow physics around a sphere positioned inside a conical geometry, focusing on the influence of varying Reynolds numbers (102 to 10,268) and the sphere's spatial configuration on flow characteristics and drag forces. Initially, the numerical methodology was validated by simulating the flow around a sphere in an unbounded domain and comparing results with established experimental data. Subsequently, simulations were conducted within a conical enclosure, where the sphere (diameter 0.3 m) was placed at various vertical distances relative to the inlet (ranging from 1.4 m to 0.6 m) and near the cone wall (maintaining a 10 cm gap). Results revealed a significant dependence of the drag coefficient on the sphere’s position and the development of the boundary layer within the cone. As the vertical distance from the inlet increased, the drag coefficient decreased, particularly at lower Reynolds numbers. When the sphere was positioned closer to the wall, the drag coefficient was notably affected by the growth of the boundary layer, leading to substantial reductions as the vertical distance increased. These findings highlight the complex interplay between viscous and inertial forces in confined flows and provide valuable insights for optimizing fluidic systems, micro-devices, and industrial applications involving particle dynamics in constricted geometries. The research underscores the importance of spatial positioning in modulating flow behavior and drag reduction strategies in non-uniform domains.