Synerging closed-loop sustainable waste legislation with turquoise hydrogen in electric supply chain

The indisputable concerns about the environment are compelled the rapid spread of electric vehicles (EVs), turquoise hydrogen (TH) and renewable energy facilities (REFs). TH production is environmentally friendly and less harmful than conventional hydrogen, but further research is needed to make its eventual use feasible. Thus, this study explores India’s potential organic waste for pyrolysis, highlighting potential challenges in maintaining supply–demand equilibrium in the electric distribution system (EDS) due to unpredictable and variable sources. The study proposes a distributionally robust optimization approach for waste legislation-based multi-objective mixed-integer sustainable closed-loop supply chain in integrated natural gas and electricity distribution networks (INEDNs) in order to overcome these issues. The method not only simplifies waste separation in TH manufacturing but also significantly diverts recyclable waste to recycling facilities. Furthermore, EDS utilizes demand response activities (DRAs) to prevent peak load hours from overlapping with natural gas distribution system (NGDS), and utilizes linepack technology to store natural gas in NGDS pipes for short-term versatility. Next, the proposed multi-objective model is solved using a novel approach called utility function based multi-volition conic goal programming. A 123-EDS and a 40-NGDS are used for the simulations. The analysis of hydrogen’s closed-loop supply chain using flexible energy sources, DRA, linepack technology, and smart charging simulations shows potential for an 11.22 % reduction in emissions. Linepack technology reduces operating expenses for natural gas pipelines by 6.5 % in $S_2$, to EDS responsive loads 4.2 % in $S_3$, and 9.49 % in $S_4$ lower than those of $S_1$ when all energy sources are used.