Jamison Koeman, Wenchu Pan, Alexa Eisenberg, Lu Wang, Roshanak Mehdipanah
{"title":"拒绝的代价：检查在密歇根都市地区抵押贷款偏见的健康后果。","authors":"Jamison Koeman, Wenchu Pan, Alexa Eisenberg, Lu Wang, Roshanak Mehdipanah","doi":"10.1007/s11524-025-00985-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anti-Black mortgage lending discrimination (MLD) has resulted in homeownership disparities among White and Black households. This study examines the association between MLD and health opportunities, based on various neighborhood determinants of health (e.g., employment, education, and housing status), in Michigan's three largest metropolitan areas. Multilevel models using data from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act and Census from 2015 to 2019 were used to examine the Black-White odds ratio of mortgage denial. An association analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the Black-White odds ratio of mortgage denial and neighborhood health opportunities. Loan denial for Black mortgage applicants was 1.99 (95% CI1.87, 2.12) times more likely than for White applicants. Neighborhoods with greater anti-Black MLD had fewer harmful environmental exposures, greater health insurance coverage, and better housing and socio-economic conditions. Anti-Black MLD remains a common practice and supports the assertion that Black home-seekers experience greater MLD in neighborhoods with better opportunities for health compared to White home-seekers, who access these benefits more freely. Greater protections against MLD-including increasing oversight of the data reporting requirements and improving mortgage access for Black households-are needed to promote health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49964,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"483-494"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12279676/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Price of Denial: Examining the Health Consequences of Mortgage Lending Bias in Michigan Metro Areas.\",\"authors\":\"Jamison Koeman, Wenchu Pan, Alexa Eisenberg, Lu Wang, Roshanak Mehdipanah\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11524-025-00985-w\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Anti-Black mortgage lending discrimination (MLD) has resulted in homeownership disparities among White and Black households. This study examines the association between MLD and health opportunities, based on various neighborhood determinants of health (e.g., employment, education, and housing status), in Michigan's three largest metropolitan areas. Multilevel models using data from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act and Census from 2015 to 2019 were used to examine the Black-White odds ratio of mortgage denial. An association analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the Black-White odds ratio of mortgage denial and neighborhood health opportunities. Loan denial for Black mortgage applicants was 1.99 (95% CI1.87, 2.12) times more likely than for White applicants. Neighborhoods with greater anti-Black MLD had fewer harmful environmental exposures, greater health insurance coverage, and better housing and socio-economic conditions. Anti-Black MLD remains a common practice and supports the assertion that Black home-seekers experience greater MLD in neighborhoods with better opportunities for health compared to White home-seekers, who access these benefits more freely. Greater protections against MLD-including increasing oversight of the data reporting requirements and improving mortgage access for Black households-are needed to promote health equity.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":49964,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"483-494\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12279676/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-025-00985-w\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/6/11 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-025-00985-w","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/6/11 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
The Price of Denial: Examining the Health Consequences of Mortgage Lending Bias in Michigan Metro Areas.
Anti-Black mortgage lending discrimination (MLD) has resulted in homeownership disparities among White and Black households. This study examines the association between MLD and health opportunities, based on various neighborhood determinants of health (e.g., employment, education, and housing status), in Michigan's three largest metropolitan areas. Multilevel models using data from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act and Census from 2015 to 2019 were used to examine the Black-White odds ratio of mortgage denial. An association analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the Black-White odds ratio of mortgage denial and neighborhood health opportunities. Loan denial for Black mortgage applicants was 1.99 (95% CI1.87, 2.12) times more likely than for White applicants. Neighborhoods with greater anti-Black MLD had fewer harmful environmental exposures, greater health insurance coverage, and better housing and socio-economic conditions. Anti-Black MLD remains a common practice and supports the assertion that Black home-seekers experience greater MLD in neighborhoods with better opportunities for health compared to White home-seekers, who access these benefits more freely. Greater protections against MLD-including increasing oversight of the data reporting requirements and improving mortgage access for Black households-are needed to promote health equity.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Urban Health is the premier and authoritative source of rigorous analyses to advance the health and well-being of people in cities. The Journal provides a platform for interdisciplinary exploration of the evidence base for the broader determinants of health and health inequities needed to strengthen policies, programs, and governance for urban health.
The Journal publishes original data, case studies, commentaries, book reviews, executive summaries of selected reports, and proceedings from important global meetings. It welcomes submissions presenting new analytic methods, including systems science approaches to urban problem solving. Finally, the Journal provides a forum linking scholars, practitioners, civil society, and policy makers from the multiple sectors that can influence the health of urban populations.
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