In-silico Pharmacokinetic study of phytoconstituents present in Tulipa gesneriana L.

Recently, tulip flower (Tulipa gesneriana L.) culinary and medicinal uses have grown in popularity. Tulip blooms include bioactive substances such tuliposides and tulipalins, which are antibacterial and antifungal. Additionally, these flowers contain high levels of flavonoids, which have been researched for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and various therapeutic effects. This study examines the in-silico evaluation of the ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) properties of 31 phytocompounds sourced from Tulipa gesneriana L., employing the SwissADME computational tool. SwissADME was selected for its free accessibility, intuitive interface, and extensive range of predictive models, including iLOGP and the BOILED-Egg, facilitating thorough assessment of pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness, and medicinal chemistry properties appropriate for both expert and non-expert users. Numerous compounds showed favourable gastrointestinal absorption and bioavailability, with quercetin showing promise for drug development due to its favourable physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic profile. Coumarin can cross the blood-brain barrier, improving its therapeutic potential. Whole tulip flower extracts may be therapeutic, even though some compounds raise drug-likeness concerns, according to the study. The study emphasizes the importance of computational tools in drug discovery for phytochemical screening and analysis, as well as the need to study whole extracts and individual compounds to improve therapeutic outcomes. However, the study is limited by its reliance on in-silico predictions, and future experimental validation through in-vitro and in-vivo studies is essential to confirm the pharmacokinetic behaviours and therapeutic potentials of the identified compounds.