Turing-structured catalysts for electrochemical catalytic reactions

With the development of phase engineering, precise phase control has become a key strategy for optimizing the performance of advanced catalysts. Compared to the traditional method of constructing new phase topologies on nanoscale organic materials, Turing-structured catalysts (TSCs) provide a unique method for constructing special phase topologies, which expands the scope of phase engineering. Therefore, there is an urgent need to systematically review the recent advances of TSCs. In this review, we first provide a comprehensive discussion on the fundamental concepts of TSCs, including their synthesis mechanisms such as reaction–diffusion processes, synthesis methods and twin boundary effects. Next, we present the applications of TSCs in electrochemical catalytic reactions such as oxygen evolution reaction/hydrogen evolution reactions, CO₂ reduction reactions and sulfur oxidation reactions. By analyzing the complex mechanisms behind these applications, we provide new insights for their systematic implementation. Finally, we look ahead to the potential of TSCs, aiming to drive major breakthroughs in a wide range of catalytic applications and offer profound guidance for the further development of precise phase control in the field of advanced catalysts.