Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract and Terpene-Rich Oil of Vetiveria zizanioides L. Roots in Chronic Kidney Disease in Rats.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a significant global health concern, often leading to complications such as renal failure and cardiovascular issues. Alternative therapies based on medicinal plants are the focused area for the management of CKD. The present study focuses on the impact of Vetiveria zizanioides extract and its terpenes-rich oil in management of CKD. The study was carried out in 0.3% of adenine-induced CKD in Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were divided into seven groups (n = 8), including normal control, disease control, standard control (dapagliflozin 10 mg/kg), extract treatment groups (250 and 500 mg/kg), and oil treatment groups (50 and 100 mg/kg). Treatment of Vetiveria zizanioides extract and terpene-rich oil was given orally for 28 days after induction of the CKD. Biochemical parameters such as BUN and creatinine, urine parameters such as albumin excretion rate and protein excretion rate, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and fibrosis were elevated in CKD-induced animals. Whereas, with the treatment of extract and oil of Vetiveria zizanioides, kidney function was improved in the treatment groups with a significant decrease in BUN, creatinine, albumin and protein excretion rate, MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β1 expression. Treatment with extract and oil showed significant increase in the creatinine and urea clearance, GFR and antioxidant markers such as GSH, catalase, and SOD. Renal structure in the treatment group showed mitigation of fibrosis and tubular atrophy.