Arman Mirchi, Mohammad Kazemeini, Vahid Hosseinpour
{"title":"不同芯片微反应器连续流合成氯吡格雷及其与间歇法的性能比较:CFD模拟与优化研究","authors":"Arman Mirchi, Mohammad Kazemeini, Vahid Hosseinpour","doi":"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110389","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clopidogrel, is a widely used antiplatelet medication for heart patients globally. In recent years, the pharmaceutical industry has increasingly recognized the advantages of using a flow-based approach to drug production over traditional batch processing, which offers improved performance and safety, enhanced automation, and precise process control. The current research investigated the production of Clopidogrel using a continuous-flow approach in chip-microreactors. The study encompassed the design and simulation of novel micromixers and microreactors, followed by fabricating microfluidic chips with various geometries using laser engraving techniques. Clopidogrel was initially synthesized via the batch method and subsequently using a flow approach in the microreactors, with residence times of 25, 45, and 65 min, via a one-step synthesis route. The production and yield of the drug were validated through FTIR, HNMR, TLC, and HPLC analyses. The results indicated that microreactor C outperformed the others at all residence times, achieving a product yield of 38.9 % with a residence time of 65 min, compared to only 11.2 % from the batch approach under quite similar conditions. The continuous-flow approach demonstrated a promising yield of Clopidogrel in a significantly shorter duration of time and in a safer manner compared to the conventional batch procedure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9929,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 110389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Continuous-flow synthesis of Clopidogrel through different chip-microreactors and comparing of performances with that of a batch approach: A CFD simulation and an optimization study\",\"authors\":\"Arman Mirchi, Mohammad Kazemeini, Vahid Hosseinpour\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.cep.2025.110389\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Clopidogrel, is a widely used antiplatelet medication for heart patients globally. In recent years, the pharmaceutical industry has increasingly recognized the advantages of using a flow-based approach to drug production over traditional batch processing, which offers improved performance and safety, enhanced automation, and precise process control. The current research investigated the production of Clopidogrel using a continuous-flow approach in chip-microreactors. The study encompassed the design and simulation of novel micromixers and microreactors, followed by fabricating microfluidic chips with various geometries using laser engraving techniques. Clopidogrel was initially synthesized via the batch method and subsequently using a flow approach in the microreactors, with residence times of 25, 45, and 65 min, via a one-step synthesis route. The production and yield of the drug were validated through FTIR, HNMR, TLC, and HPLC analyses. The results indicated that microreactor C outperformed the others at all residence times, achieving a product yield of 38.9 % with a residence time of 65 min, compared to only 11.2 % from the batch approach under quite similar conditions. The continuous-flow approach demonstrated a promising yield of Clopidogrel in a significantly shorter duration of time and in a safer manner compared to the conventional batch procedure.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":9929,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification\",\"volume\":\"216 \",\"pages\":\"Article 110389\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-07\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0255270125002387\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ENERGY & FUELS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0255270125002387","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Continuous-flow synthesis of Clopidogrel through different chip-microreactors and comparing of performances with that of a batch approach: A CFD simulation and an optimization study
Clopidogrel, is a widely used antiplatelet medication for heart patients globally. In recent years, the pharmaceutical industry has increasingly recognized the advantages of using a flow-based approach to drug production over traditional batch processing, which offers improved performance and safety, enhanced automation, and precise process control. The current research investigated the production of Clopidogrel using a continuous-flow approach in chip-microreactors. The study encompassed the design and simulation of novel micromixers and microreactors, followed by fabricating microfluidic chips with various geometries using laser engraving techniques. Clopidogrel was initially synthesized via the batch method and subsequently using a flow approach in the microreactors, with residence times of 25, 45, and 65 min, via a one-step synthesis route. The production and yield of the drug were validated through FTIR, HNMR, TLC, and HPLC analyses. The results indicated that microreactor C outperformed the others at all residence times, achieving a product yield of 38.9 % with a residence time of 65 min, compared to only 11.2 % from the batch approach under quite similar conditions. The continuous-flow approach demonstrated a promising yield of Clopidogrel in a significantly shorter duration of time and in a safer manner compared to the conventional batch procedure.
期刊介绍:
Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification is intended for practicing researchers in industry and academia, working in the field of Process Engineering and related to the subject of Process Intensification.Articles published in the Journal demonstrate how novel discoveries, developments and theories in the field of Process Engineering and in particular Process Intensification may be used for analysis and design of innovative equipment and processing methods with substantially improved sustainability, efficiency and environmental performance.