Hayato Tsukamoto, Sota Yoneya, Takahiro Koyama, Asuka Suzuki, I Wayan Yuuki, Kento Dora, Takeshi Hashimoto
{"title":"一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照交叉试验：单次摄入富含黄烷醇的可可可改善男性在有氧运动中认知疲劳时的执行过程抑制。","authors":"Hayato Tsukamoto, Sota Yoneya, Takahiro Koyama, Asuka Suzuki, I Wayan Yuuki, Kento Dora, Takeshi Hashimoto","doi":"10.1007/s00213-025-06826-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Although cognitive fatigue commonly occurs during sports, effective strategies to improve it during exercise have not been established.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study determined whether high-cocoa flavanol (HCF) consumption improves reaction time and inhibitory executive function impairments during prolonged cognitive load combined with aerobic exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized crossover study, 18 healthy males (22 ± 2 years) participated in both low-cocoa flavanol (LCF) and HCF trials. Double-blinded capsules (LCF 50 mg and HCF 500 mg) were consumed 1 h before a 50-min cognitive exercise dual-tasking protocol, which included a color-word Stroop task (CWST) and moderate-intensity cycling. The CWST assessed reaction time and reverse-Stroop interference score as indicators of inhibitory executive process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reaction time (LCF 774 ± 146 ms vs. HCF 731 ± 101 ms, P < 0.01) and reverse-Stroop interference score (LCF 6.2 [3.2-15.5] vs. HCF 4.6 [1.2-11.4], P < 0.01) were significantly better 1 h after HCF consumption than after LCF consumption, indicating that HCF improved both reaction time and the inhibitory executive process at rest. During the 50-min cognitive-exercise dual-tasking protocol, HCF consumption resulted in faster reaction time (LCF 712 ± 122 ms vs. HCF 685 ± 111 ms, P < 0.05) and better inhibitory executive process (LCF 8.4 ± 5.0 vs. HCF 6.6 ± 3.5, P < 0.05) compared to those following LCF consumption.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that flavanol-rich cocoa may improve reaction time and inhibitory executive process impaired by cognitive fatigue during aerobic exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A single intake of flavanol-rich cocoa improves inhibitory executive process under cognitive fatigue during aerobic exercise in men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.\",\"authors\":\"Hayato Tsukamoto, Sota Yoneya, Takahiro Koyama, Asuka Suzuki, I Wayan Yuuki, Kento Dora, Takeshi Hashimoto\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s00213-025-06826-7\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Although cognitive fatigue commonly occurs during sports, effective strategies to improve it during exercise have not been established.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study determined whether high-cocoa flavanol (HCF) consumption improves reaction time and inhibitory executive function impairments during prolonged cognitive load combined with aerobic exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized crossover study, 18 healthy males (22 ± 2 years) participated in both low-cocoa flavanol (LCF) and HCF trials. Double-blinded capsules (LCF 50 mg and HCF 500 mg) were consumed 1 h before a 50-min cognitive exercise dual-tasking protocol, which included a color-word Stroop task (CWST) and moderate-intensity cycling. The CWST assessed reaction time and reverse-Stroop interference score as indicators of inhibitory executive process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reaction time (LCF 774 ± 146 ms vs. HCF 731 ± 101 ms, P < 0.01) and reverse-Stroop interference score (LCF 6.2 [3.2-15.5] vs. HCF 4.6 [1.2-11.4], P < 0.01) were significantly better 1 h after HCF consumption than after LCF consumption, indicating that HCF improved both reaction time and the inhibitory executive process at rest. During the 50-min cognitive-exercise dual-tasking protocol, HCF consumption resulted in faster reaction time (LCF 712 ± 122 ms vs. HCF 685 ± 111 ms, P < 0.05) and better inhibitory executive process (LCF 8.4 ± 5.0 vs. HCF 6.6 ± 3.5, P < 0.05) compared to those following LCF consumption.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that flavanol-rich cocoa may improve reaction time and inhibitory executive process impaired by cognitive fatigue during aerobic exercise.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":20783,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-10\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Psychopharmacology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-025-06826-7\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"NEUROSCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Psychopharmacology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-025-06826-7","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"NEUROSCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
A single intake of flavanol-rich cocoa improves inhibitory executive process under cognitive fatigue during aerobic exercise in men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.
Rationale: Although cognitive fatigue commonly occurs during sports, effective strategies to improve it during exercise have not been established.
Objectives: This study determined whether high-cocoa flavanol (HCF) consumption improves reaction time and inhibitory executive function impairments during prolonged cognitive load combined with aerobic exercise.
Methods: In this randomized crossover study, 18 healthy males (22 ± 2 years) participated in both low-cocoa flavanol (LCF) and HCF trials. Double-blinded capsules (LCF 50 mg and HCF 500 mg) were consumed 1 h before a 50-min cognitive exercise dual-tasking protocol, which included a color-word Stroop task (CWST) and moderate-intensity cycling. The CWST assessed reaction time and reverse-Stroop interference score as indicators of inhibitory executive process.
Results: Reaction time (LCF 774 ± 146 ms vs. HCF 731 ± 101 ms, P < 0.01) and reverse-Stroop interference score (LCF 6.2 [3.2-15.5] vs. HCF 4.6 [1.2-11.4], P < 0.01) were significantly better 1 h after HCF consumption than after LCF consumption, indicating that HCF improved both reaction time and the inhibitory executive process at rest. During the 50-min cognitive-exercise dual-tasking protocol, HCF consumption resulted in faster reaction time (LCF 712 ± 122 ms vs. HCF 685 ± 111 ms, P < 0.05) and better inhibitory executive process (LCF 8.4 ± 5.0 vs. HCF 6.6 ± 3.5, P < 0.05) compared to those following LCF consumption.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that flavanol-rich cocoa may improve reaction time and inhibitory executive process impaired by cognitive fatigue during aerobic exercise.
期刊介绍：
Official Journal of the European Behavioural Pharmacology Society (EBPS)
Psychopharmacology is an international journal that covers the broad topic of elucidating mechanisms by which drugs affect behavior. The scope of the journal encompasses the following fields:
Human Psychopharmacology: Experimental
This section includes manuscripts describing the effects of drugs on mood, behavior, cognition and physiology in humans. The journal encourages submissions that involve brain imaging, genetics, neuroendocrinology, and developmental topics. Usually manuscripts in this section describe studies conducted under controlled conditions, but occasionally descriptive or observational studies are also considered.
Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Translational
This section comprises studies addressing the broad intersection of drugs and psychiatric illness. This includes not only clinical trials and studies of drug usage and metabolism, drug surveillance, and pharmacoepidemiology, but also work utilizing the entire range of clinically relevant methodologies, including neuroimaging, pharmacogenetics, cognitive science, biomarkers, and others. Work directed toward the translation of preclinical to clinical knowledge is especially encouraged. The key feature of submissions to this section is that they involve a focus on clinical aspects.
Preclinical psychopharmacology: Behavioral and Neural
This section considers reports on the effects of compounds with defined chemical structures on any aspect of behavior, in particular when correlated with neurochemical effects, in species other than humans. Manuscripts containing neuroscientific techniques in combination with behavior are welcome. We encourage reports of studies that provide insight into the mechanisms of drug action, at the behavioral and molecular levels.
Preclinical Psychopharmacology: Translational
This section considers manuscripts that enhance the confidence in a central mechanism that could be of therapeutic value for psychiatric or neurological patients, using disease-relevant preclinical models and tests, or that report on preclinical manipulations and challenges that have the potential to be translated to the clinic. Studies aiming at the refinement of preclinical models based upon clinical findings (back-translation) will also be considered. The journal particularly encourages submissions that integrate measures of target tissue exposure, activity on the molecular target and/or modulation of the targeted biochemical pathways.
Preclinical Psychopharmacology: Molecular, Genetic and Epigenetic
This section focuses on the molecular and cellular actions of neuropharmacological agents / drugs, and the identification / validation of drug targets affecting the CNS in health and disease. We particularly encourage studies that provide insight into the mechanisms of drug action at the molecular level. Manuscripts containing evidence for genetic or epigenetic effects on neurochemistry or behavior are welcome.
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