Optimization of Mixed Collector Ratios for Quartz-Petalite Separation via Response Surface Methodology Synergistic Adsorption Mechanisms

This study presents an environmentally friendly mixed collector system (DAM/ND13/sulfonated kerosene) for efficient flotation separation of quartz and petalite, addressing the limitations of conventional toxic collectors. By integrating response surface methodology (RSM), the synergistic effects of the mixed collector were systematically optimized, achieving enhanced solubility through sulfonated kerosene’s dispersion capacity, reduced surface tension to improve bubble–particle interactions, and optimized foam stability with balanced layer height and prolonged half-life. These advancements overcome challenges of single collectors, such as poor solubility and excessive foam viscosity. The optimal ratio (DAM 402.65 g/t, ND13 180.00 g/t, sulfonated kerosene 366.40 g/t) yielded a quartz recovery of 96.99% and a recovery difference (Δ) of 86.71%, surpassing traditional hydrofluoric acid-based methods. Mechanistic studies revealed selective adsorption on quartz via strong electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding, while petalite exhibited dominant hydrogen bonding and negligible electrostatic attraction due to structural differences. This system eliminates fluoride pollution risks, reduces collector consumption, and offers a sustainable pathway for lithium resource recovery. The findings advance green flotation technologies by balancing high efficiency with environmental compatibility, providing theoretical and practical insights for mineral processing innovation.