Energy performance and optimization of PV vacuum glazing for high-rise office buildings integrating energy storage with time-of-use arranged grid output management

The photovoltaic vacuum glazing (PVVG) is developed as a promising technology for high-rise buildings given its comprehensive thermal, daylighting and electrical performance. This study develops energy evaluation and optimization framework of the PVVG for high-rise buildings integrating robust management strategy and energy storage. Full-scale experiment of the PVVG is performed to explore the thermal-daylighting-electrical performance compared with PV glazing and insulating glazing unit, and their annual energy performance for the high-rise building application is simulated. The transient building energy system with the PVVG is established and optimized promising the time-of-use arranged grid output management strategy integrated with stochastic electric vehicle and battery storage. The results indicate that its average solar heat gain coefficient and U-value is about 0.190 and 1.10 W/(m²·K), lower than the PV glazing (0.599, 5.17 W/(m²·K)) and insulating glazing unit (0.581, 3.02 W/(m²·K)). The annual building demand using the PVVG is reduced by 12.37 % compared to the PV glazing, with additional 566.47 MWh of power generation. The multi-objective optimization improves the energy system performance (−34.6 % in grid robustness, −6.35 % in lifetime economy, −2.2 % in carbon emission). The energy performance evaluation and optimization of the PVVG provides essential references to develop low-energy buildings in urban areas.