Photoluminescence fluctuations in single perovskite nanocrystals: structural, environmental and ligand effect

Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) show great promise for optoelectronic devices; yet at the single-particle level, they are susceptible to photoluminescence (PL) fluctuations. Single-particle studies provide key insights into the photophysical processes responsible for these fluctuations. This review discusses both intrinsic factors, such as size and surface defects, and extrinsic factors, including moisture and oxygen, that contribute to PL instability in PNCs. We also highlight recent advancements in surface passivation techniques that effectively reduce or suppress the PL fluctuations, thereby enhancing the stability and optical performance of PNCs. Ultimately, understanding and mitigating PL fluctuations are essential for improving the stability and efficiency of PNC-based devices.