Anna R Ogilvie, Janet C Onishi, Yvette Schlussel, Anil Kumar, Max M Häggblom, Lee J Kerkhof, Sue A Shapses
{"title":"老年肥胖患者短期高脂肪饮食诱导代谢性内毒素血症：一项随机交叉研究","authors":"Anna R Ogilvie, Janet C Onishi, Yvette Schlussel, Anil Kumar, Max M Häggblom, Lee J Kerkhof, Sue A Shapses","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lipopolysaccharide, also known as endotoxin, in Gram-negative bacteria is associated with obesity and a high fat (HF) diet.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine whether short-term HF diet compared with low fat (LF) intake affects serum endotoxin and gut microbiota in a controlled trial of older individuals with obesity or normal weight.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized crossover study, adults (50-79 y old) with obesity or normal weight were assigned to 5 d of HF (40%) diet or LF (20%) diet followed by a washout period and then the other diet. A 5-h mixed meal tolerance test (46% fat) was performed after the LF diet. Serum was analyzed for endotoxin, zonulin, and inflammatory biomarkers. Fecal bacterial community was analyzed by rRNA operon profiling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants were 64 y old (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 62, 66), and 66% were female. Body mass index (BMI; kg/m<sup>2</sup>) was 24.3 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (95% CI: 23.5, 25.0) and 36.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (95% CI: 33.4, 39.8) in the group with normal body weight (n = 16) and obesity (n = 16), respectively. The rise in postprandial endotoxin was 1.8-fold higher in individuals with obesity compared with normal weight (P = 0.010). After the study diets, fasting serum endotoxin was higher after the HF diet than the LF diet in the group with obesity (mean difference: 0.13 endotoxin unit [EU]/mL [95% CI: 0.02, 0.24], P = 0.022) but not in the normal weight group (mean difference: 0.03 EU/mL [95% CI: -0.07, 0.14], P = 0.613). Serum zonulin concentrations were higher after the HF diet than the LF diet (P < 0.001) and in the group with obesity compared with normal weight (P < 0.001). Fecal community analysis indicated minimal changes in Gram-negative bacteria due to diet or BMI groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serum endotoxin concentrations in individuals with obesity increase following a HF diet or a meal, and these data suggest that it is explained by intestinal permeability rather than a shift in the gut microbiome. This trial was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05327868.</p>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Short-term high fat diet-induced metabolic endotoxemia in older individuals with obesity: a randomized crossover study.\",\"authors\":\"Anna R Ogilvie, Janet C Onishi, Yvette Schlussel, Anil Kumar, Max M Häggblom, Lee J Kerkhof, Sue A Shapses\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.001\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lipopolysaccharide, also known as endotoxin, in Gram-negative bacteria is associated with obesity and a high fat (HF) diet.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine whether short-term HF diet compared with low fat (LF) intake affects serum endotoxin and gut microbiota in a controlled trial of older individuals with obesity or normal weight.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized crossover study, adults (50-79 y old) with obesity or normal weight were assigned to 5 d of HF (40%) diet or LF (20%) diet followed by a washout period and then the other diet. A 5-h mixed meal tolerance test (46% fat) was performed after the LF diet. Serum was analyzed for endotoxin, zonulin, and inflammatory biomarkers. Fecal bacterial community was analyzed by rRNA operon profiling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants were 64 y old (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 62, 66), and 66% were female. Body mass index (BMI; kg/m<sup>2</sup>) was 24.3 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (95% CI: 23.5, 25.0) and 36.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (95% CI: 33.4, 39.8) in the group with normal body weight (n = 16) and obesity (n = 16), respectively. The rise in postprandial endotoxin was 1.8-fold higher in individuals with obesity compared with normal weight (P = 0.010). After the study diets, fasting serum endotoxin was higher after the HF diet than the LF diet in the group with obesity (mean difference: 0.13 endotoxin unit [EU]/mL [95% CI: 0.02, 0.24], P = 0.022) but not in the normal weight group (mean difference: 0.03 EU/mL [95% CI: -0.07, 0.14], P = 0.613). Serum zonulin concentrations were higher after the HF diet than the LF diet (P < 0.001) and in the group with obesity compared with normal weight (P < 0.001). Fecal community analysis indicated minimal changes in Gram-negative bacteria due to diet or BMI groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serum endotoxin concentrations in individuals with obesity increase following a HF diet or a meal, and these data suggest that it is explained by intestinal permeability rather than a shift in the gut microbiome. 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Short-term high fat diet-induced metabolic endotoxemia in older individuals with obesity: a randomized crossover study.
Background: Lipopolysaccharide, also known as endotoxin, in Gram-negative bacteria is associated with obesity and a high fat (HF) diet.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine whether short-term HF diet compared with low fat (LF) intake affects serum endotoxin and gut microbiota in a controlled trial of older individuals with obesity or normal weight.
Methods: In this randomized crossover study, adults (50-79 y old) with obesity or normal weight were assigned to 5 d of HF (40%) diet or LF (20%) diet followed by a washout period and then the other diet. A 5-h mixed meal tolerance test (46% fat) was performed after the LF diet. Serum was analyzed for endotoxin, zonulin, and inflammatory biomarkers. Fecal bacterial community was analyzed by rRNA operon profiling.
Results: Participants were 64 y old (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 62, 66), and 66% were female. Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) was 24.3 kg/m2 (95% CI: 23.5, 25.0) and 36.6 kg/m2 (95% CI: 33.4, 39.8) in the group with normal body weight (n = 16) and obesity (n = 16), respectively. The rise in postprandial endotoxin was 1.8-fold higher in individuals with obesity compared with normal weight (P = 0.010). After the study diets, fasting serum endotoxin was higher after the HF diet than the LF diet in the group with obesity (mean difference: 0.13 endotoxin unit [EU]/mL [95% CI: 0.02, 0.24], P = 0.022) but not in the normal weight group (mean difference: 0.03 EU/mL [95% CI: -0.07, 0.14], P = 0.613). Serum zonulin concentrations were higher after the HF diet than the LF diet (P < 0.001) and in the group with obesity compared with normal weight (P < 0.001). Fecal community analysis indicated minimal changes in Gram-negative bacteria due to diet or BMI groups.
Conclusions: Serum endotoxin concentrations in individuals with obesity increase following a HF diet or a meal, and these data suggest that it is explained by intestinal permeability rather than a shift in the gut microbiome. This trial was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05327868.
期刊介绍：
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition is recognized as the most highly rated peer-reviewed, primary research journal in nutrition and dietetics.It focuses on publishing the latest research on various topics in nutrition, including but not limited to obesity, vitamins and minerals, nutrition and disease, and energy metabolism.
Purpose:
The purpose of AJCN is to:
Publish original research studies relevant to human and clinical nutrition.
Consider well-controlled clinical studies describing scientific mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of dietary interventions in the context of disease prevention or health benefits.
Encourage public health and epidemiologic studies relevant to human nutrition.
Promote innovative investigations of nutritional questions employing epigenetic, genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches.
Include solicited editorials, book reviews, solicited or unsolicited review articles, invited controversy position papers, and letters to the Editor related to prior AJCN articles.
Peer Review Process:
All submitted material with scientific content undergoes peer review by the Editors or their designees before acceptance for publication.
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