Visualizing global photovoltaic supply chains: Dynamics, clusters and drivers

In the context of climate change, photovoltaic power generation has emerged as a pivotal strategy in promoting low-carbon transition and economic development. This study employs the complex network analysis and extended gravity modeling to investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics as well as identify the key driving factors of global photovoltaic supply chains. From 2000 to 2022, the photovoltaic supply chains ranging from impure silicon to photovoltaic modules gradually increased in size and complexity, with a closer collaboration between countries and regions. While high-purity silicon and silicon wafers exhibited stable core structures, other segments revealed a core-edge configuration marked by pronounced polarization effects. By identifying the characteristics of different industrial segments in global photovoltaic supply chains, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of photovoltaic supply chain networks, highlighting the critical importance of sustainable photovoltaic supply chain management worldwide.