Exploring the nutritional and medicinal potential of Urtica hyperborea Jacq. ex Wedd. from Ladakh, India: A multi-analytical study

Urtica hyperborea Jacq. ex Wedd. holds a significant place in traditional medicine and nutrition in the high-altitude region of Ladakh, India. This study delves into the plant’s phytochemical composition, nutrient content, mineral profile, antioxidant capacity, bioactive compounds, and antinutrient content. Nutrient analysis showed its rich protein, carbohydrate, starch, and moisture content. The presence of essential vitamins and minerals was recorded as Ca (153,120 ± 356), K (24,775 ± 200), Na (621 ± 20), and Fe (321 ± 20) in mg/kg, as analysed by ICPAES and AAS, making it a valuable nutrient rich resource. The total phenol (37.21 ± 0.34 mg/g) and flavonoid (92.56 ± 0.01) content demonstrated strong antioxidant properties as determined by DPPH (36.33 ± 0.02 µg/mL) and FRAP (77.57 ± 0.29 mg/g). Quantification of phenolic compounds through HPTLC revealed high concentration of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and quercetin. FTIR elucidated the presence of various functional groups with strong peaks, including N-H, C-H, CC, O-H, C-O, and C-Br. Phytochemical profiling by GCMS identified 59 bioactive compounds, with hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (13.28 %), as major compounds. Antinutrient analysis revealed that its tannin (18.43 ± 0.68 mg/g) and saponin (11.75 ± 0.91), content were within safe consumption limits. This comprehensive analysis not only enriches our understanding of this traditional plant but also suggests its potential for functional foods, herbal medicines, and nutraceuticals. The study promotes the preservation of traditional knowledge and sustainable utilization, contributing to the welfare of the region’s populace, and highlights the potential of this plant for functional food and nutraceuticals.