Lijun Shi, Lin Liang, Wenchao Li, Cun Liu, Kun Han, Xinghui Zhao, Zhanzhong Zhao
{"title":"弓形虫速殖子与小鼠宿主的脂质谱分析","authors":"Lijun Shi, Lin Liang, Wenchao Li, Cun Liu, Kun Han, Xinghui Zhao, Zhanzhong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110526","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our understanding of lipids in <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> and its host is incomplete. This study aimed to analyze phospholipids and sphingolipids in tachyzoites and mice. RH strain tachyzoites were cultured and purified. Models using BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with tachyzoites or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were developed and evaluated. Samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method. In tachyzoites, phospholipids [phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), oxidized PC, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS)], lysophospholipids (LPLs)[lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), and lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS)], fatty acids (FAs) and their metabolites [arachidonic acid (20:4 AA), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 DHA), prostaglandins, epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET)], were detected, suggesting de novo synthesis, PC oxidation, phospholipase action, and metabolism of FAs. Sphingolipids [ceramide (Cer) and sphingomyelin (SM)] were also detected in the tachyzoites. In mice, the histopathological changes in the tissues and plasma, are thought to be associated with changes in phospholipids and sphingolipids at the local and circulating levels. These changes create a parasitized microenvironment for <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>. Current evidence suggests that 16:0 20:4 PC, 16:0 22:6 PC, 18:0 22:6 PE, 16:0 22:6 PI, 22:6 DHA, d18:1 23:0 SM, 16:0 Cer and 16:0 cerebroside (16:0 Cb) are important as potential biomarkers and targets of <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> infection. Overall, the comprehensive and comparative profiling of lipids in tachyzoites and the mouse host has been achieved, contributing to the understanding of <em>Toxoplasma</em> lipid biology and the exploration of strategies against toxoplasmosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23716,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary parasitology","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 110526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Lipid profiling of Toxoplasma tachyzoites and the mouse host\",\"authors\":\"Lijun Shi, Lin Liang, Wenchao Li, Cun Liu, Kun Han, Xinghui Zhao, Zhanzhong Zhao\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110526\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Our understanding of lipids in <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> and its host is incomplete. This study aimed to analyze phospholipids and sphingolipids in tachyzoites and mice. RH strain tachyzoites were cultured and purified. Models using BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with tachyzoites or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were developed and evaluated. Samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method. In tachyzoites, phospholipids [phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), oxidized PC, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS)], lysophospholipids (LPLs)[lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), and lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS)], fatty acids (FAs) and their metabolites [arachidonic acid (20:4 AA), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 DHA), prostaglandins, epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET)], were detected, suggesting de novo synthesis, PC oxidation, phospholipase action, and metabolism of FAs. Sphingolipids [ceramide (Cer) and sphingomyelin (SM)] were also detected in the tachyzoites. In mice, the histopathological changes in the tissues and plasma, are thought to be associated with changes in phospholipids and sphingolipids at the local and circulating levels. These changes create a parasitized microenvironment for <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>. Current evidence suggests that 16:0 20:4 PC, 16:0 22:6 PC, 18:0 22:6 PE, 16:0 22:6 PI, 22:6 DHA, d18:1 23:0 SM, 16:0 Cer and 16:0 cerebroside (16:0 Cb) are important as potential biomarkers and targets of <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> infection. Overall, the comprehensive and comparative profiling of lipids in tachyzoites and the mouse host has been achieved, contributing to the understanding of <em>Toxoplasma</em> lipid biology and the exploration of strategies against toxoplasmosis.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":23716,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Veterinary parasitology\",\"volume\":\"338 \",\"pages\":\"Article 110526\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-06\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Veterinary parasitology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401725001372\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"PARASITOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Veterinary parasitology","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401725001372","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PARASITOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Lipid profiling of Toxoplasma tachyzoites and the mouse host
Our understanding of lipids in Toxoplasma gondii and its host is incomplete. This study aimed to analyze phospholipids and sphingolipids in tachyzoites and mice. RH strain tachyzoites were cultured and purified. Models using BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with tachyzoites or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were developed and evaluated. Samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method. In tachyzoites, phospholipids [phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), oxidized PC, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS)], lysophospholipids (LPLs)[lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), and lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS)], fatty acids (FAs) and their metabolites [arachidonic acid (20:4 AA), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 DHA), prostaglandins, epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET)], were detected, suggesting de novo synthesis, PC oxidation, phospholipase action, and metabolism of FAs. Sphingolipids [ceramide (Cer) and sphingomyelin (SM)] were also detected in the tachyzoites. In mice, the histopathological changes in the tissues and plasma, are thought to be associated with changes in phospholipids and sphingolipids at the local and circulating levels. These changes create a parasitized microenvironment for Toxoplasma gondii. Current evidence suggests that 16:0 20:4 PC, 16:0 22:6 PC, 18:0 22:6 PE, 16:0 22:6 PI, 22:6 DHA, d18:1 23:0 SM, 16:0 Cer and 16:0 cerebroside (16:0 Cb) are important as potential biomarkers and targets of Toxoplasma gondii infection. Overall, the comprehensive and comparative profiling of lipids in tachyzoites and the mouse host has been achieved, contributing to the understanding of Toxoplasma lipid biology and the exploration of strategies against toxoplasmosis.
期刊介绍:
The journal Veterinary Parasitology has an open access mirror journal,Veterinary Parasitology: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review.
This journal is concerned with those aspects of helminthology, protozoology and entomology which are of interest to animal health investigators, veterinary practitioners and others with a special interest in parasitology. Papers of the highest quality dealing with all aspects of disease prevention, pathology, treatment, epidemiology, and control of parasites in all domesticated animals, fall within the scope of the journal. Papers of geographically limited (local) interest which are not of interest to an international audience will not be accepted. Authors who submit papers based on local data will need to indicate why their paper is relevant to a broader readership.
Parasitological studies on laboratory animals fall within the scope of the journal only if they provide a reasonably close model of a disease of domestic animals. Additionally the journal will consider papers relating to wildlife species where they may act as disease reservoirs to domestic animals, or as a zoonotic reservoir. Case studies considered to be unique or of specific interest to the journal, will also be considered on occasions at the Editors'' discretion. Papers dealing exclusively with the taxonomy of parasites do not fall within the scope of the journal.