Xiang Bi, Li-Zhong Wang, Dong-Hua Zhai, Lei Wang, Hui Yang, Gao-Hui Du
{"title":"一锅法原位合成含氮空位和氰基的g-C3N4以增强光催化活性。","authors":"Xiang Bi, Li-Zhong Wang, Dong-Hua Zhai, Lei Wang, Hui Yang, Gao-Hui Du","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-03286-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In-situ synthesis of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> containing nitrogen vacancies and cyano group via one-pot method using urea as the precursor. The structural, morphological or electrochemical properties of synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, BET analysis, TEM, FTIR, UV-DRS, PL, XPS and EPR. It was found that the nitrogen vacancy was successfully introduced into g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. Compared to pure g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, the (200) crystal plane in XRD of synthesized g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> showed slight red-shift, and the BET surface areas had changed from 27.5 to 35.7 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>-1</sup>, which could provide more reaction center and active site. TEM confirmed that g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and V<sub>N</sub>-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> were porous materials, and FTIR, XPS as well as EPR could prove the presence of nitrogen vacancies and cyano group. The UV-Vis absorption edge of V<sub>N</sub>-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> demonstrated briefly red-shift, PL intensity and lifetime of carriers declined in comparison with pure g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. Electrochemical test results showed that enhanced charge separation efficiency and low recombination rate of charge carriers of V<sub>N</sub>-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was researched by RhB degradation and ACT removal under visible light irradiation, the results showed the rate of RhB degradation on the V<sub>N</sub>-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> was 81%, which was 1.4-fold as high as that of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> in visible light. The degradation contribution from the active species were h<sup>+</sup> (67.3%) ><sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>(63.0%)>•OH (49.4%) >•O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> (20.3%) > e<sup>-</sup> (20.1%) > H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(0.2%), and V<sub>N</sub>-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> exhibited excellent ACT removal rate, which was 1.6-fold higher than that of pure g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> in visible light. This study provides an efficient photocatalyst for the treatment of toxic wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"19864"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12141709/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"In-situ synthesis of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> with nitrogen vacancy and cyano group via one-pot method for enhanced photocatalytic activity.\",\"authors\":\"Xiang Bi, Li-Zhong Wang, Dong-Hua Zhai, Lei Wang, Hui Yang, Gao-Hui Du\",\"doi\":\"10.1038/s41598-025-03286-z\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>In-situ synthesis of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> containing nitrogen vacancies and cyano group via one-pot method using urea as the precursor. The structural, morphological or electrochemical properties of synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, BET analysis, TEM, FTIR, UV-DRS, PL, XPS and EPR. It was found that the nitrogen vacancy was successfully introduced into g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. Compared to pure g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, the (200) crystal plane in XRD of synthesized g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> showed slight red-shift, and the BET surface areas had changed from 27.5 to 35.7 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>-1</sup>, which could provide more reaction center and active site. TEM confirmed that g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and V<sub>N</sub>-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> were porous materials, and FTIR, XPS as well as EPR could prove the presence of nitrogen vacancies and cyano group. The UV-Vis absorption edge of V<sub>N</sub>-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> demonstrated briefly red-shift, PL intensity and lifetime of carriers declined in comparison with pure g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. Electrochemical test results showed that enhanced charge separation efficiency and low recombination rate of charge carriers of V<sub>N</sub>-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was researched by RhB degradation and ACT removal under visible light irradiation, the results showed the rate of RhB degradation on the V<sub>N</sub>-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> was 81%, which was 1.4-fold as high as that of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> in visible light. The degradation contribution from the active species were h<sup>+</sup> (67.3%) ><sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>(63.0%)>•OH (49.4%) >•O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> (20.3%) > e<sup>-</sup> (20.1%) > H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(0.2%), and V<sub>N</sub>-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> exhibited excellent ACT removal rate, which was 1.6-fold higher than that of pure g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> in visible light. This study provides an efficient photocatalyst for the treatment of toxic wastewater.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":21811,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"volume\":\"15 1\",\"pages\":\"19864\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-05\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12141709/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"103\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03286-z\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"综合性期刊\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Scientific Reports","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03286-z","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
In-situ synthesis of g-C3N4 with nitrogen vacancy and cyano group via one-pot method for enhanced photocatalytic activity.
In-situ synthesis of g-C3N4 containing nitrogen vacancies and cyano group via one-pot method using urea as the precursor. The structural, morphological or electrochemical properties of synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, BET analysis, TEM, FTIR, UV-DRS, PL, XPS and EPR. It was found that the nitrogen vacancy was successfully introduced into g-C3N4. Compared to pure g-C3N4, the (200) crystal plane in XRD of synthesized g-C3N4 showed slight red-shift, and the BET surface areas had changed from 27.5 to 35.7 m2·g-1, which could provide more reaction center and active site. TEM confirmed that g-C3N4 and VN-g-C3N4 were porous materials, and FTIR, XPS as well as EPR could prove the presence of nitrogen vacancies and cyano group. The UV-Vis absorption edge of VN-g-C3N4 demonstrated briefly red-shift, PL intensity and lifetime of carriers declined in comparison with pure g-C3N4. Electrochemical test results showed that enhanced charge separation efficiency and low recombination rate of charge carriers of VN-g-C3N4. The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was researched by RhB degradation and ACT removal under visible light irradiation, the results showed the rate of RhB degradation on the VN-g-C3N4 was 81%, which was 1.4-fold as high as that of g-C3N4 in visible light. The degradation contribution from the active species were h+ (67.3%) >1O2(63.0%)>•OH (49.4%) >•O2- (20.3%) > e- (20.1%) > H2O2(0.2%), and VN-g-C3N4 exhibited excellent ACT removal rate, which was 1.6-fold higher than that of pure g-C3N4 in visible light. This study provides an efficient photocatalyst for the treatment of toxic wastewater.
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