Examining family member characteristics by treatment status of the relative with substance use problems.

Background and objectives: Family involvement is increasingly recognised as important to the treatment and recovery of individuals with substance use disorders. While affected family members (AFMs) can play a critical role in enhancing treatment engagement and improving outcomes, there is limited understanding of their characteristics and how these relate to whether their relative with substance use problems (RSU) is receiving treatment. This study examines factors associated with the treatment status of RSU, based on reports from and characteristics of AFMs who sought support through a public family programme.

Methods: Records of 4471 AFMs who sought support from a family support programme in Brazil were analysed.

Results: For 81.9% of AFMs, the RSU was not in treatment at the time of entry. AFMs with RSUs in treatment were more likely to be older, male, cohabiting with the RSU, and reported fewer negative symptoms, better understanding of addiction, and less conflict over substance use. RSUs in treatment were more likely to be female, educated, and have dual alcohol and drug use problems.

Discussion and conclusions: Findings highlight factors linked to treatment status and offer directions for future research on substance use treatment and family dynamics.

Scientific significance: By analysing a large sample of AFMs, this study offers empirical support for the role of family context and interpersonal dynamics in treatment access. These insights highlight the importance of integrating family-based approaches into substance use intervention strategies.