Amphibians in ecotoxicology: Recent advances across diverse regions

Over the past decade, amphibians have increasingly been used as model organisms to study a variety of environmental factors and contaminants, along with their effects at different developmental stages. Significant advancements, such as the standardization of research techniques, the development of specific biomarkers, and the introduction of new species for experimental purposes, have greatly enhanced the field of amphibian ecotoxicology. This review discusses recent advancements in ecotoxicological studies on amphibians, with particular emphasis on species from South America, methodological aspects, and the latest effect assessments of metals, pesticides, and other emerging pollutants (micro/nanoplastics, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products).