Shanzina Iasmin Sompa, Jie Ji, Mizanur Rahman, Bengt Sjögren, Swapna Upadhyay, Koustav Ganguly, Anna-Carin Olin, Anna Bergström, Lena Palmberg
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Participants were matched with age and BMI, had normal baseline lung function, and had no allergies. Exhaled FeNO and bronchial responsiveness were assessed along with reactive oxygen species (ROS), toll-like receptor (TLR) expression, and inflammatory cytokines in blood and sputum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exhaled FeNO was higher in e-cigarette users (14 ppb, p = 0.04) and lower in cigarette smokers (9 ppb, p = 0.04) compared to healthy non-smokers (11 ppb). Bronchial responsiveness was increased in e-cigarette users (1.9 mg, p = 0.01) and cigarette smokers (1.9 mg, p = 0.01) compared to healthy non-smokers (2.9 mg). ROS in blood and sputum in e-cigarette users (p = 0.005 and p = 0.04) and dual users (p = 0.003 and p = 0.04) were increased. Also, TLR2 expression in blood granulocytes in all exposed groups (p = 0.001), TLR2 and TLR4 expression in sputum in e-cigarette users (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03) and dual users (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.004) were increased. Moreover, the percentage of IL13 and IFNγ cytokine-producing T cells in blood were increased in e-cigarette users (p = 0.0001 and p < 0.0001) and dual users (p = 0.001 and p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our research indicates that both local and systemic inflammatory responses, along with innate immune receptor activity, were significantly altered in e-cigarette users and dual users. 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Dual use of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes may increase these risks even more due to the combined exposure effects of these products. The aim of this study was to investigate the local and systemic effects of e-cigarette use for more than one year and compare them with healthy non-smokers, cigarette smokers, and dual users.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical study was conducted among 22 healthy non-smokers, 20 e-cigarette users, 20 cigarette smokers, and 20 dual users. Participants were matched with age and BMI, had normal baseline lung function, and had no allergies. Exhaled FeNO and bronchial responsiveness were assessed along with reactive oxygen species (ROS), toll-like receptor (TLR) expression, and inflammatory cytokines in blood and sputum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exhaled FeNO was higher in e-cigarette users (14 ppb, p = 0.04) and lower in cigarette smokers (9 ppb, p = 0.04) compared to healthy non-smokers (11 ppb). 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：长期使用电子烟会增加患呼吸道疾病的风险。电子烟和传统香烟的双重使用可能会增加这些风险，因为这些产品的综合暴露效应。本研究的目的是调查使用电子烟一年以上的局部和全身影响，并将其与健康的不吸烟者、吸烟者和双重使用者进行比较。方法：选取22名健康非吸烟者、20名电子烟使用者、20名吸烟者和20名双烟使用者进行临床研究。参与者与年龄和BMI相匹配，具有正常的基线肺功能，并且没有过敏。评估呼出的FeNO和支气管反应性，以及血液和痰中的活性氧（ROS）、toll样受体（TLR）表达和炎症细胞因子。结果：与健康的非吸烟者（11 ppb）相比，电子烟使用者呼出的FeNO较高（14 ppb, p = 0.04），而吸烟者较低（9 ppb, p = 0.04）。与健康的非吸烟者（2.9 mg）相比，电子烟使用者（1.9 mg, p = 0.01）和吸烟者（1.9 mg, p = 0.01）的支气管反应性增加。电子烟使用者（p = 0.005和p = 0.04）和双重使用者（p = 0.003和p = 0.04）的血液和痰中ROS升高。此外，所有暴露组的血粒细胞中TLR2的表达（p = 0.001），电子烟使用者和双重使用者的痰中TLR2和TLR4的表达（p = 0.04和p = 0.03） (p)。结论：我们的研究表明，局部和全身炎症反应以及先天免疫受体活性在电子烟使用者和双重使用者中都有显著改变。值得注意的是，这些变化是在使用电子烟1到3年的短时间内检测到的。临床试验号：不适用。
Local and systemic effects in e-cigarette users compared to cigarette smokers, dual users, and non-smokers.
Background: The use of electronic (e)-cigarettes in the long term has been associated with an increased risk of respiratory diseases. Dual use of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes may increase these risks even more due to the combined exposure effects of these products. The aim of this study was to investigate the local and systemic effects of e-cigarette use for more than one year and compare them with healthy non-smokers, cigarette smokers, and dual users.
Methods: The clinical study was conducted among 22 healthy non-smokers, 20 e-cigarette users, 20 cigarette smokers, and 20 dual users. Participants were matched with age and BMI, had normal baseline lung function, and had no allergies. Exhaled FeNO and bronchial responsiveness were assessed along with reactive oxygen species (ROS), toll-like receptor (TLR) expression, and inflammatory cytokines in blood and sputum.
Results: Exhaled FeNO was higher in e-cigarette users (14 ppb, p = 0.04) and lower in cigarette smokers (9 ppb, p = 0.04) compared to healthy non-smokers (11 ppb). Bronchial responsiveness was increased in e-cigarette users (1.9 mg, p = 0.01) and cigarette smokers (1.9 mg, p = 0.01) compared to healthy non-smokers (2.9 mg). ROS in blood and sputum in e-cigarette users (p = 0.005 and p = 0.04) and dual users (p = 0.003 and p = 0.04) were increased. Also, TLR2 expression in blood granulocytes in all exposed groups (p = 0.001), TLR2 and TLR4 expression in sputum in e-cigarette users (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03) and dual users (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.004) were increased. Moreover, the percentage of IL13 and IFNγ cytokine-producing T cells in blood were increased in e-cigarette users (p = 0.0001 and p < 0.0001) and dual users (p = 0.001 and p < 0.0001).
Conclusion: Our research indicates that both local and systemic inflammatory responses, along with innate immune receptor activity, were significantly altered in e-cigarette users and dual users. Notably, these alterations were detected in e-cigarette users within a short timeframe of just 1 to 3 years of use.
期刊介绍：
Respiratory Research publishes high-quality clinical and basic research, review and commentary articles on all aspects of respiratory medicine and related diseases.
As the leading fully open access journal in the field, Respiratory Research provides an essential resource for pulmonologists, allergists, immunologists and other physicians, researchers, healthcare workers and medical students with worldwide dissemination of articles resulting in high visibility and generating international discussion.
Topics of specific interest include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, genetics, infectious diseases, interstitial lung diseases, lung development, lung tumors, occupational and environmental factors, pulmonary circulation, pulmonary pharmacology and therapeutics, respiratory immunology, respiratory physiology, and sleep-related respiratory problems.
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