Transformers in speech processing: Overcoming challenges and paving the future

The remarkable success of transformers in the field of natural language processing has sparked interest in their potential for mod- elling long-range dependencies within speech sequences. Transformers have gained prominence across various speech-related do- mains, including automatic speech recognition, speech synthesis, speech translation, speech para-linguistics, speech enhancement, spoken dialogue systems, and numerous multimodal applications. However, the integration of transformers in speech processing comes with significant challenges such as managing the high computational costs, handling the complexity of speech variability, and addressing the data scarcity for certain speech tasks. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey that aims to bridge research studies from diverse subfields within speech technology. By consolidating findings from across the speech technology landscape, we provide a valuable resource for researchers interested in harnessing the power of transformers to advance the field. We identify the challenges encountered by transformers in speech processing while also offering insights into potential solutions to address these issues.