Evaluation of the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/silica gel bone graft and/or hemodialysate paste on the regeneration and nano-mechanical properties of calvarial bone in gammairradiated albino rats.

Purpose: Evaluating the effect of synthetic nano-hydroxyapatite/silica gel bone substitute and/or hemodialysate on gamma irradiated bone regeneration and bone nano-mechanical properties in rat model.

Methods: Seventy adult male Wistar albino rats (total of 70 defects, 1 defect/rat) were randomly divided into five groups (14 rats/group); 4 irradiated groups; control (Ir-C) without any treatment, NanoBone^®-treated (Ir-N), Solcoseryl^®-treated (Ir-S), NanoBone^® + Solcoseryl^®-treated (Ir-NS) groups, and one non-irradiated NanoBone^® + Solcoseryl^®-treated (Nr-NS) group. Each rat's calvarium was subjected to a single dose of gamma radiation (12 Gy) followed by a single critical-sized defect creation. Defects were then filled with the assigned treatments except the Ir-C group. Rats were euthanized after 4 weeks. Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's Trichrome staining and nano-indentation were performed for histologic and nano-mechanical properties assessment of specimens.

Results: Scattered thin new bone trabeculae with randomly arranged fine collagen fibrils and extravasated blood were evident in Ir-C group, while thicker new bone trabeculae, well-organized collagen fibers and new blood vessels were observed in all treated groups. Ir-C group showed the lowest significant bone area percent, nano-hardness and indentation modulus values, while Nr-NS group possessed the highest significant percent and values. Ir-C group showed the highest significant indentation modulus to nano-hardness ratio followed by Ir-S group, while the lowest ratios were obtained by the rest of the groups with no significance.

Conclusions: The combination of synthetic nano-hydroxyapatite/silica gel bone substitute and hemodialysate enhanced the quality and quantity of regenerated gamma-irradiated rats' bones.

Clinical trial number: Not applicable.