Effect of continuous chelation irrigation on transforming growth factor-β1 release: An in vitro assay.

Context: Root canal irrigants and medicaments influence the growth factors released from dentin and create a conducive environment for regeneration.

Aim: This study assesses the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) release after using clodronate and etidronate as continuous chelating agents with two different medicaments calcium hydroxide (CH) and triple antibiotic paste (TAP).

Settings and design: This study involves an in vitro study.

Materials and methods: Ninety standard-sized dentin cylinders with apical sizes of 1 mm and 12 mm length were made from freshly extracted single-rooted premolars. Samples were randomly divided (45 each) and subjected to two intracanal medicaments, CH (Groups 1, 2, and 3) and TAP (Groups 4, 5, and 6). Three different irrigation protocols were followed: Group 1 and 4: Sequential use of 1.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) followed by 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); Group 2 and 5: Etidronate + 1.5% NaOCl mixture; Group 3 and 6: 7.6% clodronate + 1.5% NaOCl mixture. The samples were stored in phosphate-buffered saline and subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for TGF-β1quantification.

Statistical analysis used: One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test with significance value <0.05.

Results: Growth factor release was significantly higher in the clodronate irrigation groups irrespective of the intracanal medicament used (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in TGF-β1 release when comparing the two intracanal medicaments among all three irrigation groups.

Conclusions: In the context of growth factor release, etidronate, and clodronate, which are regarded as substitutes for EDTA in regenerative endodontic procedures, performed equivalent to the gold standard irrigant, regardless of the medicament used.