Comparative evaluation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 release from dentin matrix with double antibiotic paste, probiotics, and simvastatin as intracanal medicaments: An in vitro study.

Aims: This study evaluates the release of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) from root canal dentin on the application of double antibiotic paste (DAP), probiotics, and simvastatin as an intracanal medicament (ICM).

Subjects and methods: Forty-five extracted premolar teeth (n = 45) were collected and sectioned perpendicular to their long axis to obtain root segments 12 mm long. Access cavity preparation and biomechanical preparation were followed by irrigation with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Teeth were evenly distributed into three groups for different ICMs; Group A: DAP, Group B: Probiotics, Group C: Simvastatin. Samples were maintained at 37°C in 100% relative humidity for 7 days, and then the medicaments were removed with 20 mL of deionized water. TGF-β1 growth factor released was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.

Statistical analysis: For TGF-β1 release among groups, a one-way analysis of variance was conducted. Tukey's post hoc analysis was carried out for pairwise comparisons (P < 0.05).

Results: TGF-β1 release was highest for simvastatin (294.27 pg/ml) followed by probiotics (201 pg/ml) and DAP (112.11 pg/ml).

Conclusions: A statistically significant difference in TGF-β1 release was observed among the three test groups. Simvastatin and probiotics can effectively be used as an ICM in regenerative endodontics due to their potential to release high amounts of TGF-β1 from the dentin matrix.